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Why US Won't Elect a Saviour
Chalmers Johnson on America's addiction to war.
Author Chalmers Johnson.
- Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic
- Metropolitan Books (2006)
One unexpected consequence of the Internet's avalanche of online information has been the rise of the book -- especially in the field of politics.
Day-to-day news increasingly appears on the web, massively annotated by bloggers and their readers. A given person or event may pop to the surface of the flood and then disappear -- only to reappear days or weeks later, in a totally different context.
Other events, like the war in Iraq, are always on the surface. But today's car bombings differ from yesterday's only by the body count. They turn from information into white noise, while Paris Hilton's sorrows take the foreground.
The computers that distribute all this information also permit the remarkably rapid writing, printing, publication and marketing of books. So we now have a flood of books on recent events. We need them, because neither the newspapers nor the electronic media can effectively concentrate data on a given topic.
The turbulence has been especially intense in American politics since 9-11, when almost everything changed: laws, institutions, even what you have to do to get on an airliner. The Bush-Cheney administration has seemed, to most observers, to have stampeded the U.S. into a revolution.
Whether to oppose this revolution or to support it, countless books have come out on 9-11 itself, on the run-up to the Iraq war, on the war and the occupation, and on a host of related subjects -- from the nature of Islamic fundamentalism to the issue of peak oil.
Throw the rascals out?
Most of the counter-revolutionary books have been both critical and analytical: they document the corruption and incompetence of the present American regime, both domestically and overseas. They also try to explain these failures: the State Department's post-invasion plans were ignored by the Pentagon, for example, or Paul Bremer's disbanding of the Iraqi army was a mistake.
So books like Fiasco, The Assassins' Gate, and The Looming Tower offer very prompt indictments of the U.S. failure in Iraq, in both concept and execution.
Thanks in some small part to these books, most Americans now reject the neo-conservative agenda and its domestic and foreign disasters. As citizens of a democracy, they naturally consider how to remedy the situation.
The routine in a free country is to throw the rascals out, and this meant giving the Democrats control of the House and Senate last fall. The next step would of course be the election of a new president mandated to undo the damage.
The Democrats in Congress, however, have failed to get the U.S. out of Iraq. Their hearings into administration malfeasance seem scarcely to have embarrassed Bush and Cheney, let alone forced a change in their conduct.
No saviours in sight
As for finding a saviour in the next president, the odds look poor. The Republicans are competing to see who's the most religious. The Democrats aren't much better. Hillary Clinton voted for the war. Barack Obama and John Edwards look like prime targets for swiftboating.
The most attractive candidate, Al Gore, isn't even running. His global-warming documentary showed us an attractive new side of him, and he's now published an instant bestseller, The Assault on Reason, that I gather is a major attack on the administration. It's easy to forget that as vice-president, Gore went along with the sanctions against Iraq that punished the Iraqis for the crimes of their leader, and that he ran a seriously inept campaign in 2000.
In effect, it doesn't matter who runs in 2008, or who wins. The U.S. will continue on its present course for the foreseeable future. We can't even count on that statistical comfort, regression to the mean, which would pull us back to normal from the present extreme.
But it's not extreme. For over 60 years, this kind of military adventurism has been the foundation of American power and prosperity. The Americans can't regress to some more humane condition because adventurism is all they know. Bush has not launched a revolution; he has simply continued the "military Keynesianism" that began under FDR and Truman.
A radical perspective
This is the argument of Chalmers Johnson's new book, Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic. It forms the third volume of a trilogy that began with Blowback and The Sorrows of Empire, and it provides yet more perspective on the rush of events in the past decade, and from the most radical perspective.
Those who have read the first two books will find some familiar issues here: the arrogant unfairness of the Status of Forces Agreements that other countries must accept as the price of allowing U.S. bases on their soil; the worldwide empire that those bases constitute; the astounding cost of maintaining U.S. armed forces' personnel and technology.
But Johnson is not just exploring the origins of our present world in the covert operations of the 1950s, as he did in Blowback. Nor is he reprising the problems he discussed in Sorrows of Empire. Now he examines American imperialism as an essentially irreversible process, as Roman imperialism had become by the time Caesar crossed the Rubicon.
Analogies with ancient Rome are familiar arguments, but Johnson makes his persuasive. The CIA is the president's own private army, a Praetorian Guard. The present American standing army is analogous to the imperial legions that replaced the short-term citizen-armies of the early Roman republic. Perhaps most importantly, the American founding fathers consciously modeled themselves on pre-imperial Rome. Knowing how Rome had failed, they built checks and balances to preserve their new republic.
It wasn't enough. "Over any fairly lengthy period of time," Johnson writes, "successful imperialism requires that a domestic republic or a domestic democracy change into a domestic tyranny. That is what happened to the Roman Republic; that is what I fear is happening to the United States as the imperial presidency gathers strength at the expense of the constitutional balance of governmental powers and as militarism takes even deeper root in the society."
Hiding in plain sight
Much of this book is an exploration of that thesis, and it does not make for happy reading. In fact, it is depressing in part because everything Johnson states is in the public record, available for his copious citations. Like I.F. Stone before him, Johnson simply examines the documents that journalists ignore in their hurry to get to the press conference or photo op.
It's not a conspiracy. Scores of millions of Americans are happily and publicly taking part in the destruction of their republic, from immigrants serving in the armed forces to the political dynasts competing for power at the top. (How did a third of a billion people end up with a choice of rulers from a handful of families like the Clintons, Gores, and Bushes?)
Just as "Little Englanders" in the 19th century opposed a world in which the sun never set on the British flag, some Americans -- the true conservatives -- resist what their democratic republic has become. They seem to have two choices: to go public like Cindy Sheehan, and be ground to powder by the imperial media, or to keep quiet and become "inner émigrés" like millions of decent Germans in the Third Reich.
Chalmers Johnson doesn't offer them a third choice, only the hope that their empire will implode much faster than Augustus Caesar's.
Imperialism with a human face
The Democrats, as they have shown since regaining congressional power last year, offer only imperialism with a human face, and with maybe fewer soldiers in Iraq. They aren't about to walk away from Democrat-inspired policy that beat the Soviet Union and sustained American prosperity for the last 60 years.
No one on the Republican side is strongly supporting Bush and Cheney. Nor are they rejecting the policies that made them the party of white racists, evangelical Christians, and the rich.
And no one is going to call for ending the military Keynesianism that has brought taxpayer-funded jobs to every congressional district in the U.S.A. Those B-1 bombers and cruise missiles may not really be needed to defend America, but they ensure the prosperity of millions of voters.
So Johnson can't even offer us the hope of a grassroots revolt that would return the U.S. to its 18th-century values. The Americans will continue to rule the world until they go broke—and that, Johnson suggests, may be sooner than they think.
But what else could we expect, when the U.S. spends more on "defence" than the rest of the world combined -- and then has to spend another $120 billion a year actually to put its forces in the field?
Ruling the world on credit
Johnson points out that China and Japan hold close to $2 trillion in dollar reserves; in effect, they allow the U.S. to run its empire on plastic, in return for creating Chinese and Japanese jobs. When they can no longer afford to do so, the U.S. will suddenly look like Russia in 1992 -- a nuclear-armed bankrupt that can't meet its payrolls.
Out of all the authors whose books have tried to make sense of the past decade, only Chalmers Johnson has looked at the U.S.'s present disasters as more than the unfortunate results of a narrowly won election in 2000. He sees them as the predictable outcome of a militarized nation deserting its democracy for jobs -- just what George Washington and Dwight Eisenhower warned against.
Bizarrely, Canada under Stephen Harper has followed the U.S. into disaster. Unless we turn aside, we will experience the same nemesis our neighbours have chosen. Books explaining this nemesis will appear very quickly after the crash.
Related Tyee stories:
- Harper, Bush Share Roots in Controversial Philosophy
Close advisors schooled in 'the noble lie' and 'regime change'. - A Condo in Vancouver: Escape from Empire?
Move over Chomsky. Author Chalmers Johnson accuses Americans of self-defeating imperialism, and calls B.C. a refuge. - Sidekicks to American Empire
Holding the Bully's Coat: Canada and the U.S. Empire by Linda McQuaig



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G West
4 years ago
Scary stuff Crawford
In addition, maybe, as you suggest, a lot closer to bust than it looks. Some of those sub-prime mortgage centred hedge funds took an awful hit in New York last week.
The problem for Canada is going to be the temptation (because Alberta's tar sands will soon be supplying the largest portion of America's petroleum needs) to just go along for the dollars and end up in bed with the worn out corpse of Lady Liberty along with a ruined environment to boot.
I heard today in many parts of the oil patch that ranchers, farmers and others who rely upon aquifer and well sourced water find it is already so laced with light hydrocarbons (methane and the like) that it will burn.
Where the US relies upon the military to keep its economy afloat, we're relying oil and resource commodity sales. In the end, neither leads to an effective democratic culture.
doggone
4 years ago
No comments?
Strange but true: too bad the boneheads are using so many resourses on their private road to Hell.
Last night I found a quote for my grand daughter: "the pen is mightier than the sword"
Bartlett's Quotations:601b
Beneath the rule of men entirerly great,
the pen is mightier than the sword.
Richelieu (1839)
She had trouble beleiving me because at the time she was weilding an 18th C. French Calvary Sword and I was holding a bic.
So I looked closely at the extended version of the quotation and found the key: "Beneath the rule of men entirely great".
Thar y'go some of the current men and women we happen to be "beneath the rule of" must not be "entirely great"
'Cause just now obviously the sword trumps the pen
Fiat lux
4 years ago
I started researching the
I started researching the the "common denominator of history's tragedies", which includes the rise and fall of empires, in 1945 and found it in an economics textbook, in the fraudulent definition of economic efficiency, in 1985.
All empires, including the Roman, have risen and collapsed because of their own false definitions of economic efficiency.
All forms of competition raise costs and because of this, all competitive systems will burn out and fall.
As we can now document in great detail with the present self destruction of the American
empire and its satellites. Including of Canada if we keep the present fools in power, tying us to a dying horse.
Ed Deak.
Yeoman
4 years ago
G West:
To take your analogy one step further - "Lady Liberty" is now like one of those hookers that looks great across the street but as you go closer you start to realize what a horrible shadow of her former self she has become. Truth, justice and democracy are like little more than garish facepaint and a wig. The scary thing is, in both cases there are still willing companions that will feed the addictions of the woman/empire.
Grumpy
4 years ago
A sad fact.
The Roman Empire, which lasted about 1000 years, imploded in about 1 year. The British empire lasted about 150 years, faded away in about 25 years. The American Empire, which was established in 1945, will take about 50 years to erode away.
The Americans live in fairy tale world of Hollywood and CNN, money and power is their creed. Unfortunately the stuff of empire (which the USA originally opposed) is lost on them and their monarchy (OOPS democracy) is built on wealth and greed; intelligence is no longer a factor.
We are watching the gut wrenching end to the USA as a hyper-power, but then nature abhors a vacuum and I think the Chinese empire will soon arise.
Greed ans the list for money has killed the dream of those in 1776!
murdock
4 years ago
More pressures to 'move'....
Many of these same 'pressures' for rhyming with history were written about in the mid 1990's.
The Sovereign Individual, while dated reads now like a review of the past decade.
Making Homeland come off like a very realistic appraisal of the dark future yet to come...
Frank
4 years ago
Good article
Sounds like a good read. I know that because I can't find anything to disagree with. Have to add that to the summer list.
And Rome didn't really fall in a year. It was an increasingly false front with a rotting core. Eventually someone came along to kick in the door and the whole rotting structure fell.
Booker
4 years ago
Limits of Empire
The Iraq fiasco has shown to the world that, despite their extraordinary military spending, U.S. power has its limits and is easy to obstruct. Only 5 years ago it seemed that America was indeed a new hegemon, able to do whatever it wanted in the world. Now they have their tail between their legs and the forces that oppose the U.S. (many of whom are far scarier than the Americans) have increased confidence and power. The end of the American empire is getting close.
One thing that has allowed imperialism to flourish in the U.S. is that, in terms of American lives, it has cost them so little. But Iraq has shown that their military forces, as expensive as they are, are insufficient to fight a real full-scale war. They need conscription, and if they ever try to re-institute the draft to fight a foreign war, the domestic political landscape will change very quickly. If and when large numbers of young American men and women face an early death to support foreign adventures dreamed up by middle-aged Washington power-brokers, things will get interesting in the U.S.A.
gaulois
4 years ago
Why not at least mention Dennis Kucinich?
I am told he is too "radical". Check this out: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=7381839872895833546&hl=en
zalm
4 years ago
With respect, Grumpy...
...the Roman empire took no less than 80 years to fall, and some commentators link the beginning of the decline to civil unrest among both rich and poor to the deflation caused by Aurelius, who made Rome's gold near-worthless by devaluing it with baser metals in the 160s to pay for foreign wars.
This meant that the empire had to expand ever more rapidly in order to pay for the populace at home, both rich and poor, to be kept in the style to which they had become accustomed. This expansion cost the treasury heavily, and diminishing returns meant that Rome eventually had to find other ways to raise funds or pay mercenaries. This they did by eventually promising Roman citizenship to those war vets who retired after a certain age, regardless of their nationality.
There are so many, many aspects to the fall of the Roman empire, but the treasure of it is how minutely it was documented, by so many excellent writers, which gives us the manifold points of comparison that we use today to trace the decline of the American (and British) empires in exactly the same manner, by exactly the same means.
Those who fail to learn the lessons of history are doomed to repeat them.....
Jeffrey J.
4 years ago
732 Military Bases Worlwide
Prof. Johnson excellent books are chilling. Over 700 US military bases girdle the globe. With some of the best golf courses and swimming pools anywhere. Hosting US military forces of nearly a million. His impartial analytic writing style is as chilling as the facts he shares. Well worth the read. Thanks Mr. Killian and the Tyee. Funny how this book never made it into a CanWestGlobal reveiw!!
freebear
4 years ago
Pre-Emptive War
The scary thing is the U.S., as described in the book and article, also has a strategic defense strategy that syas it will strike at those countries who threaten, or have a goal of threatening the U.S. militarily and economically.
So may we look forward (in horror!) to pre-emptive strikes at China and India for example?
Will we face a pre-emptive strike from the U.S. if we decide not to sell them oil and/or water?
The future looks bright, nuclear blast bright-shades won't help!!!
Yammer
4 years ago
Anti-imperialism
Kucinich might not be either electable or a savior, but anti-imperialism is an attractive message, readily contrasted with the increasingly hopeless news emanating from Iraq, and, I think, is becoming more widespread.
The Republican Kucinich, Ron Paul, is an intriguing and increasingly popular presence. He isn't electable either, but I think (or maybe just hope) that his rigorously small-government message (with the corollary that government has no business starting wars) is having a profoundly salutory effect on the conservative movement in America.
munroe
4 years ago
Why Tyee is needed
This was an excellent review and of a book not noticed yet by the corporate media. Again the Tyee shows its worth (with no small help from Killian, I might add).
The decline of the United States has been ongoing for some time now. Its not simply portrayed by its imperialism; it is demonstrated by the social deterioration within the States itself. The increasing wealth gap is possibly the least noted, but the most demonstrative. A culture focused on defining others to blame cannot begin to perceive its own weaknesses. In the "tweedle dum, tweedle dee" competition between Republicans and Democrats, even discussion of internal weaknesses is verboten.
The myth of an advanced society is continually put to the test by these failures. How can a society be taken seriously as a leader when large percentages of its population still believe the earth is but 6000 years old and dinosaurs co-existed with humans? How can a society were racist attitudes continuously bubble to the surface ever be credited with leading human progress. The wars in Asia have morphed into a war against anyone of of the Islamic faith; the immigration concerns are as much reactions against those of Hispianic heritage as any honest desire to control access to the States.
My point is this. The military preoccupation south of the border is made all the more dangerous to all of us because of the internal deterioration of civil society within the United States. Ironically, it may mean that Harper's militarism may be good policy, if only to defend Canada from the barbarian hordes to the immediate south!
Truman Green
4 years ago
Oh cut it out you dummies. America will
be just fine and worthy of leading the world (Who else-China, a tyrocracy?), if it can figure out how to get out from under the control of the massive Industrial Military Complex and lobby groups such as the American Israeli Public Action Committee, without whose approval no candidate--democratic or republican-- will ever get to first base (electorially speaking).
munroe
4 years ago
Think about it
Truman, maybe the world doesn't need a "leader". Maybe it needs a forum. Maybe the UN should become what it was intended to become.
Truman Green
4 years ago
Of course you're right, Munroe. But I was
reacting to Johnson's goofy comparison of the United States to the Roman Empire (Who cares?; its a different world now, eh) and other foolishness such as Linda McQuaig's bizarre claim that America's intervention in the Middle East is about the "Oil, dummy," when the oil will always be for sale regardless of whether America destroys all of its aircraft carriers and refuses to send a single soldier overseas--or not. American's foreign and domestic agenda has not been in its best interests in the last 30 years or so, and its political candidates do not hold dear the priorities of its own citizens.
The best example is that the Bush Administration has basically told the American people to go to hell and mind their own business over the Iraq war, and even the Democrats are too beholden to somebody besides their own constituents to cut off the blood money and end the war.
munroe
4 years ago
thanks
We have similar views, Truman. I agree on the Roman comparison. I'm not on side on your analysis of McQuaig. Simple purchase is quite different from control and unfettered access, but that's a different topic.
I do think American poitics and the American polity cannot address the problems Bush's foreign policy has created. Certainly blood money is an important part of the equation, but it goes beyond that to the self-image and culture of the States.
avandoc
4 years ago
What about Canada?
Prof. Johnson's analysis is too accurate to be permitted real media attention. The New York Times did not review the book either.
Most of the comments above relate to the situation in the US, but as G West wrote, Canada seems happy to take the easy route to propserity by supplying the oil and other materials needed to keep the war machine running. And with the Cons in power, Canada is openly supporting the "war on ." The Liberals, being skillful hypocrites, have nearly always managed to say they oppose US policies while encouraging Canadian corporations to provide whatever equipment and services the US military may need.
So whatever the fate of the US, Canada will be drawn in. How can that be avoided? Is it possible to orient the Canadian economy more toward Europe and Asia? Can NAFTA be nullified? How do we respond to the slur of "anti-American" when we raise these issues? WADR, these are more critical concerns for progressive Canadians than the candidacies of Kucinich and Paul.
G West
4 years ago
On that very subject
We can withdraw from NAFTA on 6 months notice.
James Laxer deals with several of the possible consequences (and some of the problems associated with continuing along our present course) here:
http://www.jameslaxer.com/2007/03/mission-of-folly-chapter-10-toward-new.html
He's dealing mostly with sovereignty issues but it's vital not to ignore the importance of continental trade and the NAFTA.
This paragraph sums it up well - and isn't all that different from what you and I have written:
G West
4 years ago
Other Reviews
You're right avandoc, the NYTimes didn't review Nemesis - although it did appear in slot # 15 for at least one week on their best selling non-fiction list.
There was a review (by Jon Freedland) of it, and two other books, in the New York Review of Books, if you're interested.
I think it may be online still:
http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20251
G West
4 years ago
I apologize for this being off-topic
The following is a PDF of a new poll - to be released tomorrow - about the changing opinions and attitudes of young people (17 - 29) in the United States.
I hope it'll be of some interest.
http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/politics/20070627_POLL.pdf