Mediacheck

Photo 1 of 16

Tyee Photo Essay

Greenpeace at 40: An Album of 'Mind Bomb' Images

From its Vancouver inception, Greenpeace knew the camera's power to shock and inspire, co-founder Rex Weyler explains. A Tyee photo gallery.

By Rex Weyler, 15 Sep 2011, TheTyee.ca

  • 1971_GP0VL8.jpg

    Bob Hunter (left) and Ben Metcalfe on the first Greenpeace campaign, September 1971, to protest U.S. nuclear testing on Amchitka Island in Alaska. Hunter was writing a column for the Vancouver Sun and Metcalfe had a nature show on CBC television. The two journalists set the standard for Greenpeace media actions, and Hunter coined the idea of the media "Mind Bomb," an image that would explode in people's head all over the world, changing social consciousness. Photograph by Robert Keziere.

  • Crew of first Greenpeace campaign, 1971.

    The crew of the first Greenpeace campaign, September 1971, on the fish boat Phyllis Cormack, rechristened "Greenpeace" for the voyage across the Gulf of Alaska to Amchitka Island. Top Row: Bob Hunter, Patrick Moore, Bob Cummings, Ben Metcalfe, Dave Birmingham; below: Richard Fineberg, Lyle Thurston, Jim Bohlen, Terry Simmons, Bill Darnell, Captain John Cormack. Rod Marining joined the crew in Kodiak, October 1971). Photograph by Robert Keziere.

  • Bob Hunter with crew on the ship, James Bay. Greenpeace, early campaign

    Crew on board the Greenpeace ship James Bay, 1976, tracking Russian whalers. Left to right: Michael Manolson, David Garrick, Michael Baily, Bob Hunter, Paul Spong, Susi Leger, Lance Cowen. Photograph by Rex Weyler.

  • Rex Weyler, Bob Hunter, Patrick Moore return from early Greenpeace campaign.

    Returning home to Vancouver from 1975 whaling campaign: Rex Weyler (arms raised) and Bob Hunter and Greenpeace crew. Photo courtesy of Greenpeace.

  • Early Greenpeace seal poster, 400px

    Harp seal poster designed by Vancouver artist Carl Chaplin for Greenpeace, 1976.

  • Zodiac crew from the Greenpeace vessel Sirius, 1982, 350 px

    A zodiac crew from the Greenpeace vessel Sirius, 1982, during the campaign to halt Icelandic whaling and deep-sea toxic dumping.

  • Greenpeace action in 1985 to stop toxic dumping in U.S. rivers.

    Action in 1985 to stop toxic dumping in U.S. rivers.

  • Greenpeace zodiacs protest in, 1988.

    Greenpeace zodiacs protest in front of a nuclear war ship carrying nuclear weapons, 1988.

  • Greenpeace activists confront a ship dumping nuclear waste in the ocean, 1993.

    Greenpeace activists with Geiger counter confront a ship dumping nuclear waste in the ocean, 1993.

  • Greenpeace climbers hang a banner from a logging crane, 1997

    Greenpeace climbers hang a banner from a logging crane, in protest to stop logging in the Great Bear Rain Forest, British Columbia, Canada, 1997.

  • Greenpeace balloon sails over the Taj Mahal in the 1998 campaign to stop nuclear weapons proliferation in India and Pakistan.

    Greenpeace balloon sails over the Taj Mahal in the 1998 campaign to stop nuclear weapons proliferation in India and Pakistan.

  • Greenpeace member explains the hazards of using genetically modified seeds.

    Greenpeace member explains to traditional farmers in Asia the hazards of using genetically modified seeds.

  • Electronic garbage in Asia, Greenpeace image, 2005

    A child labourer in China helps separate electronic garbage, 2005; entire villages in Asia have been turned into dump sites for Western consumer garbage.

  • Greenpeace confronts Japanese Whaling Boat

    Greenpeace activist clings to a cable as Japanese whalers attempt to haul a dead fin whale onto their ship; Greenpeace protest against Japanese whaling in the Antarctic whale sanctuary, 2005.

  • Greenpeace protest Stephen Harper on Climate Change Policies

    Greenpeace climate campaigners affix "Wanted" poster for Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper to an iron gate during government meetings, 2007.

  • Greenpeace protests nuclear energy at Fukushima, Japan, 2011

    Greenpeace researcher measures radioactivity levels after the Fukushima meltdown in Japan, 2011.

Related

[Editor's note: Click on the arrows above to view the slide show. Most of the images were provided by Greenpeace, with a few from Rex Weyler's personal collection.]

Greenpeace is one of the memorable gifts that Vancouver has given to the world.

When I arrived in Vancouver, British Columbia as a wayward war resister from the U.S., I could hardly believe my good luck to meet people who actually called themselves "ecologists." It's hard to imagine now, but in the early 1970s, ecology was not a common word. Most college students would not have been able to provide a decent definition.

Ben Metcalf placed billboard ads around Vancouver proclaiming: "Ecology: Look it up. You're involved!" Most people had to look it up. Bob Hunter published the new ecology symbol -- designed by Ron Cobb in the LA Free Press -- in his Vancouver Sun column and declared that it would be as important as the peace symbol.

Irving and Dorothy Stowe, with Jim and Marie Bohlen -- also expatriate Americans -- had launched a citizens' organization to stop U.S. nuclear weapons tests in Alaska. Irving wrote columns in the Georgia Straight about whales and trees. In 1971 this appeared radical. One night at a meeting at the Unitarian Church on Oak Street, when Irving Stowe held up two fingers and said "Peace," Canadian ecologist Bill Darnell said "Make it a green peace," and the fledgling group had its new name.

Journalism in Greenpeace's DNA

One quality that made Greenpeace work well -- besides a cool name -- was the fact that many early members were journalists. Ben and Dorothy Metcalf were seasoned reporters, who had toured Europe after World War II, filing news stories for Reuters. By 1970, Ben Metcalfe had a nature show on CBC television, "Klahanie," which he used to discuss ecological issues. His show broke new ground as one of the first "outdoors" shows that wasn't about hunting. During the first Greenpeace campaign, Ben kept radio contact with Dorothy, who had set up a radio room in their home in West Vancouver and relayed Ben's transmissions to the world media.

Some of us were Marshall McLuhan fans and we took him seriously, believing that electronic images could change mass consciousness. Following McLuhan's ideas, we decided to perform crazy stunts to create the images that would inspire an ecology movement. We did not set out to make Greenpeace famous, but to make ecology famous. As a young journalist and photographer at the North Shore News, I used to meet with Hunter and Metcalfe at the press club on Granville Street across from the old Vancouver Sun and Province offices. There, over beer, Metcalf spun history lessons about how society changed, and Hunter first told me his "mind bomb" theory based on McLuhan's media ideas.

"McLuhan said get out of the ivory tower and into the control tower," Hunter declared, "so let's do it." The "control tower" of course was the electronic media news room, which in those days meant television. We set out to create images that would make people think about and care about nature.

Going global

Paul Spong proposed a whale campaign after studying Skana, the first captive orca at the Vancouver Aquarium, and after learning from author Farley Mowat that the whales were being slaughtered to extinction. We wanted to save the whales for their own sake, but we also believed they provided the perfect image to represent wild nature. Whales were magnificent animals with huge brains; they used language and song and they lived in complex societies. For us the whales represented an alien intelligence right here on Earth, a way for the average person to appreciate the magnificence of nature.

On April 27, 1975, we set sail from Jericho Beach on the Greenpeace vessel, the little halibut boat, Phyllis Cormack, with 12 crew members and Captain John Cormack. Two months later we caught up with the Russian whaling fleet off the coast of California. The images from that encounter travelled around the world and fulfilled our expectations of kindling an ecology movement. Whales became famous, Greenpeace became famous, and we soon found ourselves overwhelmed with the intrigues of international politics.

Greenpeace offices began popping up all over the world -- Australia, New Zealand, Paris, London, San Francisco -- and before we knew it, we had an international organization to manage. Representatives from the national offices first met in Vancouver in 1977. Two years later we met in Amsterdam to form an international Greenpeace council. Our little band from Vancouver faced the prospect of giving Greenpeace away to this international council. Hunter later recalled, "Only in Canada would that happen. Had Greenpeace started anywhere else -- in the U.S. or Germany -- it would still be there. We gave it away, a typical Canadian thing."

Irving Stowe passed away in 1974, Ben Metcalfe in 2003, Bob Hunter in 2005, and Jim Bohlen and Dorothy Stowe in 2010. The legacy they left is not just Greenpeace, but a global awakening about our duty to care for the natural world. Hunter commented shortly before his death, "You can go into any bar in Vancouver and meet a founder of Greenpeace," and this is close to the truth. Between 1970 and 1979, thousands of citizens in Vancouver contributed to the creation of Greenpeace. The organization and the movement it inspired remains a legacy of Vancouver and its people.

Tomorrow: An interview with Greenpeace International Executive Director Kumi Naidoo, conducting when he visited The Tyee's offices earlier this week.

[See more Tyee photo essays and environmental coverage.]  [Tyee]

11  Comments:

Login or register to post comments

  • igbymac

    36 weeks ago

    Thank you for the article

    I look forward to hearing more 'inside accounts of the maturations' of an organization I've known my entire life.

  • Jeffrey J.

    36 weeks ago

    Rex Weyler An Inspiration

    The Tyee just keeps getting scoop after scoop. Rex Weyler is one of the select 'true' co-founders of Greenpeace. There are only a very few people who had the privilege to be there. He was one of them.

    And there were others who are still speaking out today. Like Paul Watson. Rod Marining. David Garrick aka Walrus. Paul Spong.

    All of these courageous individuals, including Rex Weyler, stepped down from Greenpeace when it was (sadly) subverted by an economic structure that has sidelined many, many good initiatives.

    It is clear that these economic & corporate structures are very hard to resist, are extremely compelling, but in the end, are totally destructive. For those of us who wish to protect the natural world and the people and animals who inhabit it, these structures are destroying our planet.

    All of the original co-founders now agree; Greenpeace has turned into a multinational corporation. Full stop.

    That doesn't mean individuals who work for Greenpeace can't make a difference. But the corporate structure that is replicating itself around the world is having a powerful and disturbing influence on many groups that seek change.

    Note to self: changing the elite will never come from within. Historically, it ALWAYS comes from without. Only from without. We must remain outside the elite, and support the majority of people to effect change.

    My favorite Rex Weyler piece is his magical book the History of Greenpeace (OK, and there is also his book about Paul Spong, The Song of the Whale). Both well worth reading. My other favorite is his article set out in the link below. Also well worth reading.

    http://www.utne.com/archives/WavesofCompassion.aspx

    "I found a job as reporter and photographer at the North Shore News community newspaper. While covering a local story, I met Bree Drummond who was sitting in a platform, high in a cottonwood tree to save it from being felled for a parking lot by North Vancouver maintenance crews. Her boyfriend, Rod Marining, was a wild Yippie environmentalist who had helped stop the construction of a Four Seasons Hotel at the entrance to Vancouver's magnificent Stanley Park by declaring the land 'All Season Park' and camping out on the site until the developers gave up. He also had sailed for the Aleutian Island of Amchitka to protest a U.S. atomic bomb test there as a member of the Don't Make A Wave Committee that had changed its name to the 'Greenpeace Foundation' that spring."

    "Rod introduced me to Bob Hunter from Winnipeg, clearly the hippest young journalist in the city, writing a daily column in the Vancouver Sun in which he explained Gestalt Therapy, described peyote ceremonies, introduced edgy psychologists like R. D. Laing, and quoted famed ecologist Rachel Carson."

    As always, a great piece from BC's best media: The Tyee.

  • motorcycleguy

    36 weeks ago

    hippest journalists

    I am hoping a few (most?) of today's journalists will review their own "accomplishments"....will they stand the test of time and meet the values expected of the profession?

    The "Elements of Journalism"-- by Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel

    Journalism's first obligation is to the truth.

    Its first loyalty is to citizens.

    Its essence is a discipline of verification.

    Its practitioners must maintain an independence from those they cover.

    It must serve as an independent monitor of power.

    It must provide a forum for public criticism and compromise.

    It must strive to make the significant interesting and relevant.

    It must keep the news comprehensive and proportional.

    Its practitioners must be allowed to exercise their personal conscience.

    I would like to add another one.... "get of your a## and get out there to see for yourself what is happening".....one day I still hope to carry my sandwich board around universities and colleges protesting the lack of protesting.

  • Deep Green Resi...

    36 weeks ago

    Co-opting the Movement

    I'm looking forward to the follow-up piece:

    "Greenpeace Today: Co-opted, One Corporate Compromise at a Time"

    Like the Canadian Boreal Forest Agreement: http://www.dominionpaper.ca/articles/3450

  • motorcycleguy

    36 weeks ago

    Greenpeace Today

    alas....Deep Green speaks of today while I muse about yesteryear.....Ms. Berman has seen to that

  • Deep Green Resi...

    36 weeks ago

    These Crazy Times

    yes...maybe she can sign another agreement with the forestry companies...to build deckchairs out of boreal timber for the titanic which Greenpiece could then pilot over Nigeria and get in bed with Shell and the other companies and then those poor MEND activists can retire and wait for the money to start rolling in because they just don't realize how effective cooperative market driven solutions can be

  • igbymac

    36 weeks ago

    Jeffrey J

    Note to self: changing the elite will never come from within. Historically, it ALWAYS comes from without. Only from without. We must remain outside the elite, and support the majority of people to effect change.

    An aside, but how do you reconcile this with (provincial or national) voting?

  • Michael Kidder

    36 weeks ago

    humility 101

    Perhaps one of the most important points.

    "We did not set out to make Greenpeace famous, but to make ecology famous."

    This mindset was and is critical. The purpose of protest is to raise consciousness and influence change. Period.

    As I think back to those heady days in Vancouver, there were many people doing many things to further what we percieved to be movement towards a better world. Most remain anonymous to this day. Thank you all.

  • pwlg

    35 weeks ago

    my experience and memories

    I was just finishing high school in Richmond in the late 60's and where we were inviting some of the new movers and shakers in the region to come to our school and give talks. These were the days when SFU was considered "radical".

    It's good to see the photo of Hunter in the article.

    I remember the day Bob Hunter was invited by us to come to Steveston High to give a lunch time talk. He was living on River Road in Richmond, at the time.

    He gave such a rousing talk that many of the students became dedicated to making change happen by being more active citizens.

    I and some of my buds would meet with Bob at his home on weekends and sit on his porch discussing all sorts of interesting concepts and ideas. I was amazed that he had time to sit with us and thankful for hi part in our real education.

    I got to meet some of the original members of The Don't Make a Wave Committee, Jim Bohlen, who I later learned how to make the peg and strut geodesic dome from, and Irving Stowe both very fine and generous men.

    I remember the concert in 1970 with Joni Mitchell, James Taylor and Phil Ochs. I and a few of the Steveston High buds were given comp tickets to the concert by Hunter. It was there I met Stowe and he was full of joy to see thousands in the audience. He invited me to sit on the side of stage where I was able to see these great artists perform.

    It is something to not only hear them play but to get the full brunt of the audience's appreciation.

    Mitchell was fantastic, modest, and shy. After each song the response from the audience was overwhelming, I could feel the sound of thousands clapping and cheering through the bones of my body.

    I am glad to have great thoughtful mentors at such an early stage of life's learning and I am sure my contact with Hunter and Bohlen provided me with a strong foundation to critical thinking.

    One thing I must mention was the amount of energy and joy these original activists had.

    They knew there was another option to war, aggression and oppression.

  • Jeffrey J.

    35 weeks ago

    Reply to ibgymac

    Igmybac quotes the following:

    "Note to self: changing the elite will never come from within. Historically, it ALWAYS comes from without. Only from without. We must remain outside the elite, and support the majority of people to effect change."

    Ibymac then queries: "An aside, but how do you reconcile this with (provincial or national) voting?"

    Short answer. A citizen can vote in an election, and also be a powerful force for change, all at that same time. Voting is participating from 'within', which by itself will lead to no 'real' change. 'Voting alone within the current structure however will not lead to structural change. Full stop.

    But there are also serious external social organizations demanding real change that each voter can join. History has many examples: the CCF in the 1930's, the Communist Party of the US in the 1930's, Greenpeace in the 1970's, Sea Shepherd Society in the 2000's, the Animal Liberation Front of the 2000's... the list goes on.

    Without the majority of people demanding change outside of 'sanctioned' 'legitimate' social structures, NOTHING would change. The elite would dictate policy over the rest of us. Oligarchs would rule with impunity. The majority of people would suffer. Forever.

    But amazingly, the majority's desire for a voice, for recognition, for justice, always rises up, eventually drowning the minuscule number of elite ruling over the many. And then, like a dam bursting, the elite run away, and social change is allowed to fill the void.

    This is how change occurs. From without. Never from within.

    Great coverage.

  • igbymac

    35 weeks ago

    We will then continue to disagree

    or at least until you get your logical analysis in order, or you show me the error within my own. If your conclusion, with which I agree, is true,

    Without the majority of people demanding change outside of 'sanctioned' 'legitimate' social structures, NOTHING would change.

    then it subsumes that change within the system (i.e., voting), if left to its own devices, changes nothing. And that is precisely my point. Voting changes nothing, at least not in our system where counting the votes is mathematically gamed.

    In fact, voting under our current system can be said to be contributing to the problems. It is at the very least a multi-purpose vote with one underlying, quiet objective being the endorsement of a broken political system. This argument is long standing but it tends to be dismissed by the establishment and our meme (with good reason from its vantage point).

    Cheers.

    • The discussion for this story is closed. No more comments can be added.