Opinion

Piping Crude? 'There Is No Leak Proof System'

Alberta's atrocious record of pipeline leaks a strong warning to British Columbia.

By Bill Tieleman, 7 Aug 2012, TheTyee.ca

Alberta Premier Alison Redford

Alberta Premier Redford called Deer River pipeline spill an 'exception' but research shows 20 crude leaks in 2010 alone in her province.

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"The bottom line for British Columbians is that pipelines are risky -- you can't produce a safe system, you can only produce a less risky system. There is no leak proof system." -- Professor Sean Kheraj

Alberta Premier Alison Redford says oil pipelines are environmentally safe, with any spills an easily dealt with unusual occurrence.

That's what Redford claimed after a Plains Midstream Canada pipeline ruptured, spilling up to 475,000 litres of crude oil into the Red Deer River near Sundre on June 7.

"It's actually an exception, if you think that we have hundreds of thousands of kilometres of pipelines across this province. There has been a leak and it has been contained," Redford said.

"We have pipelines that criss-cross this province that are intact and work," she added. Redford's comments may give false comfort as B.C. considers the proposed Enbridge Northern Gateway pipeline and twinning Kinder Morgan's existing pipeline -- false because Alberta's actual pipeline spills record is atrocious.

It's something a so far undecided B.C. Premier Christy Clark better consider.

Between 1990 and 2010 there were 6,416 Alberta pipeline failures that released liquid hydrocarbons, according to Sean Kheraj's research using publicly available documents.

Kheraj is an assistant professor of history at Toronto's York University who is doing something surprisingly unusual -- determining the frequency and severity of pipeline oil spills in Alberta and Canada.

In an interview Sunday, Kheraj said we should be concerned about "an inevitable pipeline rupture" based on Alberta's own record and "few if any benefits for B.C."

A crude spill every 18 days

Between 1990 and 2005, there were 4,769 pipeline releases of liquid hydrocarbons on the province's 370,000 kilometers of pipelines, Kheraj says and between 2006 and 2010, there were 1,647 pipeline failures.

In 2010 alone there were 20 crude oil pipeline failures and 241 "multi-phase" pipeline failures -- meaning those carrying both crude oil and gas.

That means a crude oil spill every 18 days and a multi-phase spill every 1.4 days, says Kheraj, who specializes in environmental history.

And these pipeline failures are not drop in the bucket spills.

Kheraj roughly calculates that from 2006 to 2010, Alberta's pipeline network spilled a "staggering" 174,213 barrels of oil or 27,700 cubic metres (1 cubic metre = 1,000 litres).

Despite Alberta's constant flow of leaked oil and other hydrocarbons, the provincial government continues to maintain everything is just peachy.

After Alberta's biggest crude oil spill in over 35 years, a massive 28,000 barrels spewed out near Little Buffalo in April 2011, then-environment minister Rob Renner dismissed worries.

Little Buffalo oil spill

Plains Midstream Canada's leaked over 28,000 barrels of light crude near Little Buffalo, Alberta, north of Peace River, in May of 2011. Photo: Briar Stewart.

"Sure there are incidents from time to time, but I would put our record up against any other," Renner said at the time.


That despite the Little Buffalo spill being even bigger than the more publicized Enbridge oil spill into the 2010 Kalamazoo River in Michigan where Enbridge, where the company was compared by U.S. government regulators to the incompetent slapstick silent movie characters the Keystone Kops.

Albertans demanding change

But now even some Albertans are rejecting constant government assurances.

Last month 54 different groups -- from environmentalists to landowners to First Nations to unions -- signed an open letter to Redford calling for an independent review of pipeline safety

"If we don't have tough regulations in place making sure that our pipelines are very safe, then people are not going to accept pipelines coming through their territories," said Bill Moore-Kilgannon of Public Interest Alberta.

By comparison to Alberta's extensive pipeline system, inter-provincial pipelines across Canada are much shorter in total length -- bout 15,000 kilometres.

But they leak with regularity too.

Kheraj says National Energy Board statistics show there were 427 liquid hydrocarbon spills between 2000 and 2009 that dumped 63,930 barrels or 10,164 cubic metres into the environment, with pipeline corrosion being the primary cause.

With all that oily mess polluting rivers, streams, lakes and fields, you might think that Alberta is a world expert on the effects of oil spills -- Kheraj says you would be wrong.

The exception is the rule

"What has been the long term impact of pipeline spills on the environment in Alberta? That research hasn’t been done," Kheraj said. "Even on some of the most recent spills, we don't have a lot of data on the long term environmental impact."

So Alberta's record shows frequent pipeline failures that spew copious amounts of oil into the environment with no significant analysis of the damage -- and they want British Columbia to accept massive new pipelines across pristine wilderness?

And then ship that oil for export to China in tankers down B.C.'s dangerous and ecologically sensitive coast?

No thanks Premier Redford. Alberta's experience shows that what you call an "exception" of pipeline ruptures looks more like the rule.  [Tyee]

39  Comments:

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  • dwakeham

    41 weeks ago

    drinking water contamination

    Since the pipeline would cross the headwaters of the Thompson and Kootenay and Columbia rivers, hundreds of thousands of British Columbians will, not would, have their drinking water contaminated for years. Add in the fact that the BC Government is investigating why people in North-Eastern BC have a higher-than-normal incidence of respiratory ailments, asthma, and higher cancer rates, (of course...nothing to do with the sour-gas wells and the environmentally friendly natural gas fracking taking place there) and you have yet another reason to not trust these profit-addled oil barons, and their politician inkwells, who have sold out our country to foreign interests, who will not give a cent for our needs. The Chinese can legitimately say, "Give us OUR oil, Canada."

    Kudos once again to Tieleman and Kheraj for highlighting the nasty and obfuscation in a dirty industry's PR campaign.

  • rollandmiller

    41 weeks ago

    Alberta Oil Pipeline through BC;

    While the liberals are prepared to allow the pipeline if enough money is available to BC, this is one of those times that passing on the Northern pipeline is the only answer.

    There is far to much at stake to allow the Northern Pipeline to Kitimat and super tankers in our fiords.

    A spill of magnitude will happen with a disasterous outcome that BC cannot accept.

    Send the oil eastern Canada to replace imported oil from the middle east.

  • Hakuin

    41 weeks ago

    why worry?

    China would insist we enjoy the same standards they have, it would only be fair:

    http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=391&catid=10&subcatid=66

  • brunssd

    41 weeks ago

    Corporations exist to

    Corporations exist to externalize costs and Enbridge FULLY externalizes environmental costs. BC should sacrifice it's resource (our coast and ports) o a corporation can exploit Alberta's environment to profit by sending tar sludge to China? Got it. Looks like a lose, lose, win win to me with the losers being the people of Alberta and BC and the winners being the shareholders of Enbridge and the companies currently destroying northern Alberta and Alberta's politicians

  • cyberclark

    41 weeks ago

    Pipeline are not all equal!

    The weight of the oil and the line friction of the oil is called "head pressure" The higher the oil has to be lifted, the greater the head pressure.

    Exercise:
    Pi R Sq X H or radius of the pipeline times the elevation it has to lift. Petroleum is reasonably accurate taken at 8 lbs per gallon.

    There is lots of talk about pipelines but no talk about the power to run the pumps that lift the oil! Very high lifts over high grades can require several pumping stations. Depending on lift and height they could use the power of a small city.

    Natural gas pipelines now running slack going east, I would guess are made of a lighter gauge steel as their initial requirements were not for liquids. Natural gas shipped in Liquid form however would be close to the 8 lbs cu foot. (I'll leave you to covert to metric)

    What I'm saying here is dig for more information; ask the questions! Phantom spills can be alarming and unreasonable hindrance to the industry.

    However a poorly conceived design on a pipeline or a cheaped out version could be a national disaster.

    Ask the questions!

  • Hakuin

    41 weeks ago

    the only question we should ask is:

    When will be the cancellation announcement?

  • hg

    41 weeks ago

    Refining

    What is the big problem with refining the tar sands near the source. Why does this dangerous mixture of bitumen and whatever kind of liquifier have to be shipped?

    What are the obstacles to upgrade to Brent light right in Alberta or Saskatchewan.

    Than we could demand pipeline safety. It is clear of this research, that neither the Alberta or Federal governments have addressed or even acknowledged pipeline safety. The record is completely unacceptable and all pipelines must be checked for fissures.

  • Starla

    41 weeks ago

    This is a WAR we will win!

    The people of BC love their home too much to just throw away! Alberta's premier insults us by even asking. Remember, this is a province with a moratorium on offshore drilling!

  • alive

    41 weeks ago

    Cash cow!

    As far as Alberta, government and producers, are concerned, there is plenty of profit left over, that the occasional oilspill (tarspill) is of little concern!
    Remember they are only in it for the money --
    When (not if) BC gets contaminated, so what? spin doctors will find a good excuse.

  • snert

    41 weeks ago

    Starla

    Quote:
    Remember, this is a province with a moratorium on offshore drilling!

    It's about time we looked at removing that as well.

  • alive

    41 weeks ago

    snert

    So you figure that offshore drilling is just fine?
    What is the hurry to drain all our rescources? Are you scared that our kids and grandkids may inherit anything worthwhile?

    Given time, chances are that better methods will develop to do this safely, and if not leave the damned stuff where it is!

  • RickW

    41 weeks ago

    hg

    Quote:
    What is the big problem with refining the tar sands near the source. Why does this dangerous mixture of bitumen and whatever kind of liquifier have to be shipped?[/quuote]

    Well, it seems they'd rather spend $5Billion@ on two pipelines, rather than $10Billion on a refinery.

    BTW - there is something like a 1,000 foot drop in altitude between the tarsands and Winnipeg if the pipeline were to be built in an easterly direction. That's about a one foot drop per mile. Shouldn't need much by way of pumping stations.....

  • tedcamp

    41 weeks ago

    The Enbridge Pipe Line Won't be built but the oil will flow

    A couple of points.
    I'm no fan of Enbridge, they've mishandled this 'til there is no way it will ever be built, people who don't understand MODERN pipeline technology (as opposed to some lines Engbridge have inherited as they bought companies) are using spills from outdated lines to measure what could happen on the Northern Gateway line. But and here's the big BUT - oil is going to be move by rail which is a much more dangerous method but the CNR have been moving tankers across the north for about a century & they will move the oil to storage in Kitimat. The biggest losers are the Native bands that signed on to get paid for the route through their territory won't get a dime. But the oil will still go to market.

  • joanne manley

    41 weeks ago

    pipelines

    The bitumen should flow east, to refineries already in operation in Canada. No amount of money in Christy's pocket can justify allowing the possibility of damage to forest, fishery, coastal areas and potable water. Just say NO.

  • Fiat lux

    41 weeks ago

    Dix on the pipeline and tankers.

    I just got back from the trip to the North Coast, visiting communities and following the tanker route from the proposed Enbridge Northern Gateway pipeline with MLAs Gary Coons and Robin Austin.

    We were led on our trip by Art Sterritt, Executive Director of Coastal First Nations, Marven Robinson, Councillor of the Gitga’at Nation, and Doug Neasloss, Elected Chief of the Kitasoo/Xaixais.

    Travelling from Kitimat to Kitimat Village, Hartley Bay, Klemtu and Bella Bella, and places in between, I was struck by the generosity of the people, diversity and beauty of the environment, the abundance of marine wildlife, and the challenges of travelling on some of the most difficult and dangerous waterways in the world.
    And everywhere I went I met people, First Nations and non-First Nations alike, overwhelmingly opposed to Enbridge Northern Gateway pipeline.

    This opposition to Enbridge is grounded in concerns over the severe risks it poses to the environment and region's way of life and prospects.
    In addition, all communities in the region from the Haisla in Kitimaat Village to the Heltsiuk in Bella Bella have a strong commitment to economic development and jobs.

    People in the region see Enbridge Northern Gateway as a threat and a risk not only to their environment but to their economic development as well. Their view, surely as much as the view of oil companies, needs to be considered when we assess the national interest on the project.
    Our determination to oppose Enbridge's application was strengthened by meeting some of the people most affected by the proposal and listening to their voices this past week.

    We've posted some photos from the trip. Take a look at them and share with your friends.

    If you haven't had a chance, sign our letter opposing the Enbridge Northern Gateway pipeline.

    -Adrian

    ADRIAN DIX
    LEADER, BC NDP

  • Hakuin

    41 weeks ago

    another point: security

    it is one thing to make a technically "safe" pipeline in terms of engineering failures. Just grossly over-build it.

    How though will they keep it from being ruptured by bombing? There is enough strong feeling about this to make that a distinct possibility - if not a certainty. Do they propose a standing army? The War Measures Act made permanent?

  • Hakuin

    41 weeks ago

    Offshore drilling, what could possibly go wrong?

    http://i.imgur.com/HsL2A.jpg

  • RickW

    41 weeks ago

    Security?

    http://oilprice.com/Energy/Crude-Oil/FARC-Steps-Up-Attacks-on-Colombian-Energy-Infrastructure.html
    After a lull since 2008, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia have resumed attacks on Colombia’s oil infrastructure, launched 14 attacks this year alone on a major pipeline run by Ecopetrol SA (ECOPETL), which carries about 70,000 barrels a day of crude to the Caribbean coast.

  • pwlg

    41 weeks ago

    already oil flowing through BC watersheds

    The Kinder Morgan TransMountain pipeline already flows with tar sand crude to Vancouver and through three main river watersheds.

    Knowing just the number of spills will not provide a full picture. The questions needing answers are:

    When was the pipeline that spilled built?
    What procedures were in place to ensure quality?
    Have procedures and knowledge helped in reducing or eliminating spills from pipelines?
    How often are pipelines inspected?
    What role has government deregulation played in the high rate of pipeline spills?
    Does Canada need more pipeline regulations with teeth and more in the field government inspectors?

  • pwlg

    41 weeks ago

    Oil and Gas Journal 1998

    This should open up some eyes...from 1998.

    "Canada's aging oil and gas pipeline system poses a growing risk to public safety and the environment, says the federal Auditor General, Denis Desautels. A report by Desautels said that the ability of the National Energy Board (NEB) to exercise its safety responsibilities is at risk due to a weak inspection process and understaffing."

  • rantnic

    41 weeks ago

    HARPER RULES

    Please, please, please, can't you people understand that as we go to Wall Mart and buy all of those things made in China we are causing a huge imbalance in our trade deficit with that same China.

    Only our illustrious leader, Herr Harper seems to understand this. With all of those Chinese collecting our Canadian dollars we must provide something for them to spend those dollars on. Why not Alberta's dirty tar-crude, we sure as hell don't want it ourselves.

    Let's repatriate our Canadian dollars and to hell with those namby pamby British Columbians who want to protect their enviroment.

  • canary

    41 weeks ago

    Kinder Morgan

    Bitumen is already passing through an old 59 yr.Kinder Morgan pipeline in the Fraser Valley, already, friends and neighbours; in Kamloops, Nicola Valley, Hope, Chilliwack Sardis Vedder,Sumas, Abbotsford, Ft. Langley, Surrey, New Westminster and Burnaby. See http://www.calgaryherald.com/opinion/op-e/Thomson+Bitumen+already+quietly+flowing+through/6932298/story.html
    There have been ruptures/spills in Burnaby in 2007 in the pipeline there and a rupture on Sumas Mtn. Feb 2012 causing illness due to toxic gases escaping from the bitumen.
    To get the solid bitumen to pass through pipelines, toxic dilutents must be injected to thin the viscosity; chemicals such as,benzine - cancer linked,hydrogen sulfide. PAH's - poly aromatic hydrocarbons heavy metals and other chemicals are not just left behind in the tailing ponds around Ft.McMurray to ooze into the Athabasca River and drift along to First Nations settlements in the water and fish to cause a myriad of bizarre cancers. No, those chemicals are coming through a pipeline near you and me, maybe even in your backyard and your waterways and Aquifers.
    Dilbit is * more corrosive due to heavy sediment load (like sandblasting the inside of the pipe) *It is pumped through at much higher temperatures,1440psi *much higher pressure and *puts tremendous strain on welds,valve connections, changes in elevation and is most susceptable to corrosion near streams.You bet we will suffer oil ruptures in the Lower Mainland. Big time! Keep informed about your Fraser Valley at; http://pipe-up.net/

  • DonValley

    41 weeks ago

    Fiat lux

    Thanks for passing on the BC-NDP press release.

    It is interesting that Mr. Dix continually refers to the resistance he encounters to the 'Enbridge Northern Gateway'. Does this language imply that BC-NDP would not object to the same pipeline route but constructed by another company? Or that a pipeline constructed using another route through BC would be acceptable?

    Politicians, regardless of the colour of hat they wear, are usually slimy creatures. I think the people of BC should insist that their politicians use language that is definitive - no pipeline by no company nowhere through BC.

  • canary

    41 weeks ago

  • lynn

    41 weeks ago

    No access, no rights.....except for Oily Gangsters.

    "Do they propose a standing army? The War Measures Act made permanent?" ~ Hakuin

    Important point you make about security, Hakuin. They will protect their pipelines over the rights of the citizenry. Just like the IPP's, run-of-river, the public will lose all access to the surrounding land. Legislation like the Waterways Act will be specifically created to prohibit and restrict public access... and any infringement will be seen as a criminal or as a terrorist act. It will be corporate access over public access....except when it comes to paying for the clean-up of those inevitable and disastrous spills.

    We not only lose our environment which is our economy but we lose access to the land that the pipelines traverse...

    We will also lose access to our waterways....as the Oil gangsters ensure their interests are protected over both land and sea.

    We lose our rights as citizens....it is already clear as day that Harper has no respect for the will of the people.

    Notice how Harper says "'their' scientists will look at the economical risks" for the project". He never mentions nor cares a whit about the environment or the rights of the people opposing the pipeline.

    As you often correctly state, Hakuin: "This is a war"....They'll make the War Measures Act permanent - they'll just coyly call it something else, worded in a way that makes it sounds like they're doing us all a big favour by protecting LOL Canadian interests from those big, bad, "environmental terrorists"...

    Homeland Security comes North.

    And so does it's very convenient prisons....and work camps.

  • RickW

    41 weeks ago

    And so does it's very convenient prisons....and work camps.

    No doubt, when Harper announces that the super prisions are costing too much, not many Canuckleheads will object to the inmates being put to work.

    Arbeit macht frei!

  • lynn

    41 weeks ago

    A method to his madness

    You nailed it, Rick W.

  • oldcrank

    41 weeks ago

    Bitumen or heavy crude

    A little confusing here. Tar sands products, upgraded in Alberta, may be heavy crude or it may be dilbit.

    I need some help on what is actually being shipped right now down the transmountain line.

    Heavy crude is more like conventional crude, just a bit thicker. Upgraders, refinery like facilities in Alberta, partially refine the bitumen, producing a thick crude. Thick conventional crude.

    The second is a very raw product, full of solvents to make it flow, full of silica, thick, pumped at high temperature.

    Some people commenting here say they are shipping bitumen. I read all the links and have found no explanation of what is actually happening.

    Do you mean diluted bitumen or heavy crude?

    Are they in fact shipping heavy crude.

    As some have said, the danger associated with a pipeline depends on the pressure in the line (higher for thicker products), the abrasiveness of the material (dilbit is full of sand), the chemical activity (crude is inert, dilbit is corrosive), and perhaps other factors.

    Until we can find out exactly what is going down which pipeline, we cannot assess the risk.

  • Hakuin

    41 weeks ago

    Well oldcrank

    What's to keep them from running whatever through that pipe and telling us it's sugar water?

    The whole point is THEY CANNOT BE TRUSTED.

  • Hakuin

    41 weeks ago

    Well oldcrank

    What's to keep them from running whatever through that pipe and telling us it's sugar water?

    The whole point is THEY CANNOT BE TRUSTED.

  • Hakuin

    41 weeks ago

  • oldcrank

    41 weeks ago

    Crude or Dilbit

    @Hakuin

    It is my understanding that dilbit is enough different from other products they may send down the pipe that it cannot be alternated with them. Transmountain is putting in a second pipe. That pipe will probably be used solely for dilbit. The danger of leakage in that pipe is the same as the danger in the Northern Gateway.

    The material is more corrosive, has to be pushed through at higher temperature and pressure, is much worse for the environment when it leaks or spills.

    Denying all pipelines is one position to take. Denying dilbit pipelines under most circumstances is another.

    Confusing the two weakens the case.

  • Hakuin

    41 weeks ago

    No confusion:

    NO PIPELINE!

  • RickW

    41 weeks ago

    Hakuin - Re: Louisiana

    So why is it that rightistas are incapble of making money without government complicty?

    http://www.angelfire.com/sc2/mplu/time.html

  • Hakuin

    41 weeks ago

    just the nature of parasites

    like our new "business partner", courtesy of Harper:
    http://www.laogai.org/

  • Hakuin

    41 weeks ago

    (and it looks like Drunko has been

    Burrowing from within;

    http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2012/aug/09/prison-call-centre-plans-revealed

  • snert

    40 weeks ago

    Any care to look for the quote from....

    ...the person who said there WAS a "leak proof system"? Or, maybe nobody actually said that but Mr Tieleman, on a slow day, just decided to toss that into the debate.

  • snert

    40 weeks ago

    alive

    At least you appear to have an open mind.

  • Cool Hand

    40 weeks ago

    oldcrank

    Quote:
    I need some help on what is actually being shipped right now down the transmountain line.

    It's a batched pipeline. Everything from refined products all the way up to dilbit are currently transported through the Kinder Morgan TM pipeline.

    As a matter of fact, a Kinder Morgan spokesperson confirmed dilbit moving through the TM line a few weeks back, in a media article, but can't seem to locate same right now.