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Alberta's Carbon Guinea Pigs
ENERGY & EQUITY: It's crazy to spend a billion pumping CO2 underground. Ask the Dutch, who said no.
Poster rallying people of Barendrecht to oppose burying CO2.
With much fanfare, the petro state of Alberta announced last week that it is giving Shell, a company that makes more than $2 million every hour, almost a billion bucks to bury insignificant volumes of carbon pollution over the next 15 years.
Premier Ed Stelmach, who sounds more and more like a member of the Chinese Communist Party (Mao's motto was also to "think big, move fast and worry about the consequences later"), tried to explain the reasoning for the gross subsidy: if Alberta taxpayers didn't fund the funeral scheme, then no one in their right mind would do it because uneconomic "CCS projects are at a standstill globally."
What Stelmach neglected to add, however, was the same cockamamie scheme championed by Shell just got nixed by Dutch citizens in Shell's very own backyard, the Netherlands. The good people of Barendrecht, a town of 45,000, didn't want to be carbon storage guinea pigs let alone subsidize Big Oil.
The big idea
Now, the basic science behind carbon capture and storage all sounds tempting. Take a stream of CO2 from, say, a coal plant or in Shell's case, from its Scotford bitumen upgrader, purify the damn stuff, compress the gas, and then pump the liquid two miles underground into an old saline aquifer, where it will slowly expand like an inflated balloon over time. Then monitor the novel graveyard for thousands of years to make sure the carbon doesn't acidify groundwater, leak zombie-like back to the surface or cause earthquakes.
The experimental technology, however, raises a number of big policy issues. The first is safety and integrity of carbon cemeteries. Although the Alberta government has declared the technology perfectly benign, that's not what the science says.
In a masterful 2009 review of the subject for the Munk Centre, journalist Graham Thomson found lots of unanswered questions about safety, leaks and groundwater. Moreover, "the rapid injection of CO2 could force brine waters to migrate into the shallow portions of freshwater aquifers. Such a migration could affect pressure and degrade water quality. Yet according to the U.S. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, "the impact of large-scale CO2 injection and related brine displacement on regional multilayered groundwater systems has not been systematically assessed."
Next comes the issue of energy cannibalism. It takes a lot of energy to separate CO2 from other pollution streams. It then takes more energy to compress it into a liquid and even more energy still to inject the waste underground. A coal power electrical facility equipped with CCS technology actually has to burn between 23 to 36 per cent more coal to do the trick. So, CCS is a great way to support the coal industry at taxpayer's expense.
Huge costs added
Next comes the technology's irresponsible nuclear-like economics. The Alberta Carbon Capture and Storage Development Council estimates that CCS is so costly that it will require public subsidies between $20 billion to $60 billion over the next two decades. Adding a CCS unit to any power plant raises the capital costs between 32 and 74 per cent. Whenever a petro state pays one of the world's richest companies $750 million to bury something it can't afford to bury on its own, taxpayers should ask what the hell is going on.
Last comes the issue of scale. CCS can't solve any big climate problems. It's not a silver bullet, let alone a lead one. Vaclav Smil, one of the world's foremost energy economists, calculates that it would take twice the world's petroleum infrastructure just to capture, pipe and bury about 25 per cent of the world's carbon over a hundred year period. Yet Alberta's incompetent government has proposed to bury 70 per cent of the province's carbon with an unproven and non-commercial technology by 2050. Almost every scientist in the province, including Canada's Royal Society, considers the goal a ridiculous fantasy.
Stuff it somewhere else, say protester
So what happened in Barendrecht? Well, in 2009 Shell proposed to hide 10 million tonnes of CO2 from a nearby oil refinery in two depleted gas fields that just happen to lie underneath the town. The Dutch government, a chintzy organization by Alberta standards, proposed to threw in $40 million for the experimental venture with the goal of promoting "international trade of equipment and expertise."
At that point, the people of Barendrecht started to ask questions about the safety of storing carbon under a densely populated area, given that an accidental release of CO2 could smother humans and animals alike. There, too, were questions about liability, groundwater, monitoring, earthquakes and property values. Neither Shell nor the Dutch government had good answers.
One citizen put it this way: "Why do a project in a residential area and not offshore? The atomic bomb wasn't tested under Manhattan. To me this means: Not under my backyard."
Within a year, citizens set up a group called "CO2 Is No." Public meetings attracted up to 1,000 people or more than any other political issue in the town's history. The group presented 750 letters to local government and adopted the guinea pig as its mascot. Opponents even sponsored guinea pig races. Meanwhile newspaper headlines screamed that the "Dutch cabinet has been taken hostage by Shell."
In the end, overwhelming public opposition to the project's complex economics and uncertain safety risks killed the scheme. So, Shell and the Dutch government called the whole deal off. Shell, however, blamed the project's defeat on "poor communication" instead of bad ideas.
Europeans know that there are lots of cheap ways to reduce carbon pollution. They include burning fewer hydrocarbons, taxing CO2 emissions, controlling fugitive emissions and decentralizing electrical production (or the opposite of Alberta's carbon happy transmission scandal). Investments in small-scale renewable energy, local farms and public transit also deliver tangible economic returns.
So here's the question: Will Alberta's guinea pigs (and taxpayers) have the same courage as the good people of Barendrecht? ![]()




17
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cyberclark
47 weeks ago
The CCS is simply a scam paid 100% paid for by the taxpayer.
The major strata that Shell talks about is the Oil formations which have been used over the years.
The carbon dioxide is pumped down hole into the formation and becomes critical a liquid before it reaches the oil.
Then, it mixes with the oil as a solvent making the oil thinner and cheaper to bring to the surface.
As the new oil comes to the surface, now saturated with CO2 the gas boils off the oil violently.
Experience with this system in Estevan SK. tells of gas escaping ahead of the oil sounding like a jet engine; venting for hours ahead of the oil.
It is a case of pumping CO2 down one hole and having it come up the second hole. The taxpayer pays and the oil companies reap the profits.
Our royalty rate is down now to 5% Can and on its way to zero.
Considering the subsidized power lines, water and transportation, we are now in the position of paying the companies to take away re resource.
If Albertans do not break away from Conservative there will be nothing left and, we will have gained nothing from the experience.
A Drop in the Bucket
47 weeks ago
Good read
Csrbon capture and storage..Many problems, but..
I have no illusions that Alberta will ever spend that money on that...
Tar sands, it already takes 1 barrel of oil to create 3 barrels or Alberta crude, now add in another barrel and a half and your return is negligible..
What you have is a continuation of saying anything and promising everything just keep the miners digging oil..
Have you seen the ads, green pastures, fast flowing rivers teeming with wildlife.
Delay, deny, defend, promise clean storage,...
And when some town gets gassed to death overnight then what.
Wasn`t there a town in Saskatchewan with the gas seeping back up in a hissy fit?
A Drop in the Bucket
47 weeks ago
Meet the Kerr..s
In one location alone [Paul Lafleur, of Petro-Find Geochem] detected concentrations as high as 110,607 parts per million (ppm), twice the amount needed to asphyxiate a person. Near the Kerr's home he also recorded concentrations of 17,000 ppm, a level "that far exceed the threshold level for health concerns." As a consequence "CO2 could enter the home in dangerous concentrations through the crawl space due to negative pressures caused by a natural gas heating furnace."
Given that Cenovus's closest injection well lies a mile away from the Kerr home, Lafleur concluded that the CO2 was probably seeping through open fractures and faults that intersect the Weyburn field. In other words, there were cracks in the [carbon] cemetery.
In addition a Saskatchewan lab confirmed that the CO2 found at Kerr's place clearly originated from "the CO2 injected into the Weyburn reservoir
A Drop in the Bucket
47 weeks ago
Here is another good read.
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2011/01/co2-levels-leaking-canadian-carbon-storage-project-asphyxiate-you.php
At least death is painless...A slow tiredness and night night.
I say pump it the atmosphere.
You think that new 27 kilometer bridge in China will be carrying walkers or joggers..
Or what about the India state acquisition land grabs.
$6 dollars per acre and you must sell, farmland for strip malls, hundreds of miles of strip malls and manufacturing, and some think we can bury it all.
We must be mad!
Road Lice
47 weeks ago
Alberta: Mentally Challenged
What more can Alberta do to cement its reputation as Canada's stupidest Province? Alberta is looking more like Nigeria every day. The oil money is bypassing Alberta and Albertans are subsidizing foreign oil companies.
In other news this week, Edmonton school boards are laying off teachers because there is no money.
seth
47 weeks ago
The putsch at AECL
[OFFENSIVE COMMENTS REMOVED] just gave Canada's $22B investment in nuke technology, the only possible answer to global warming, to a corporate crony in the Oil business SNC Lavalin, paying them $60M to take AECL.
SNC has announced it is laying of its research staff, abandoning the $2B spent developing the design complete ACR1000 reactor - the only Generation 3 reactor licensed to build in Canada - and will likely sell off the companies equipment to add to the windfall.
[UNSUBSTANTIATED COMMENTS REMOVED.]
tomlangford
47 weeks ago
High quality journalism
Many thanks to Mr. Nikiforuk and The Tyee for continuing to shine a probing journalistic light on energy issues in Alberta. I wonder how many Alberta newspapers, magazines and zines have asked to reprint the energy and equity series? Petro state indeed.
mek
47 weeks ago
Carbon capture and storage
I have a novel carbon capture and storage solution: it's called a forest. Maybe we should look into having more of those, not less. It could save us a couple trillion dollars down the line.
alda
47 weeks ago
Will Albertans have the same
Will Albertans have the same courage?
The answer is "no."
The first time I heard about carbon storage, I filed it under "B" for a "Bat-$@#" Crazy scheme, and I don't think I've been proven wrong, yet.
OwlRol
47 weeks ago
Nuke or fosfool
Seth, I rarely agreed with your perspective on nuclear power production, although the thorium reactor concept looks very interesting.
I don't think that the nuclear option is yet ripe, despite the CO2 emergency (remember the CFCs "all good" fiasco that took a mere 60 to 70 years to debunk with near catastrophic results, and it ain't over yet).
Nuclear deserves further study and development, but the problem is in the rush to market it before a thorough precautionary, transparent and unbiased evaluation of all facets of its long term use are recorded and released. The stakes are too high.
Nukes have been promoted in nearly the same ways as carbon sequestration, clean gas fracking, etc. Lots of hype but little precautionary warnings. Devil's in the details.
Never mind Japan, the floods in Missouri, the current wildfire very near to Los Alamos and such events require better (MORE EXPENSIVE) precautions prior to expanding such projects, rather than going on the cheap, and of course this makes it less profitable and competitive with other energy sources.
But I agree with you that this was a major sellout, similar to the 50s Avro aerospace industry (comparable job losses, etc.), not just to reduce competition to fossil fuel production, but with privatized political and short term financial benefits, by a government that is pinching pennies across the board (except those big oil and gas corporations). "Energy superpower", hmm, shorter term only, but longer than most politicians think of.
seth
47 weeks ago
Nuclear failure modes
Are well understood today. We have over 70 years experience in running nuke plants and we know how they break and how to prevent it. The Fukushima accident in reactor designs 60 years old was predicted as a 99% probable event by engineering but corrupt regulators were paid off to do nothing. Fukushima's failure modes have been corrected in more modern reactors. In fact the modern plants crippled by the same regulators, run by the same company just down the beach hit by bigger waves survived without problem.
Similarly,the flooding problem on the Mississippi was a not an engineering oversight but ineffective regulation. Again the entire incident would not have occurred in a modern nuke plant.
Los Alamos problems, greatly exaggerated stem, from the facilities use in nuke weapons development and have nothing to do with nuke power.
Yes work needs to be done on improving and replacing the ancient nuke designs, but with modern designs there are no worries.
The US NRC the toughest regulator on earth which hasn't approved a new nuke in over 30 years, has accepted the engineering design that shows the AP1000 as designed risks one TMI meltdown accident (nobody killed) per unit every 5 million years.
Compared to the 3 million folks that die for certain every year the Big Oil and it's allies in the "green" movement can delay the fossil to nuke conversion, infinitesimal nuke risks are a foolish diversion from the need for action.
pwlg
47 weeks ago
Saskatchewan the first guinea pig out of the gate-Part 1
The Boundary Dam Power Station just outside Estevan (SE Saskatchewan), a six boiler unit coal fired power plant, has been conducting a $5 million small scale pilot project for years. However, finding results of this pilot project is difficult but without any independent review from those not wedded to carbon capture and storage the Province and the Feds announce ramping it up.
The new project,rebuilding one of the six coal fired power plants, is a massive expansive of the very small scale pilot project. The Feds and Saskatchewan govt are financing this to the tune of $1.24 billion with barely a whimper from the residents of Saskatchewan.
Estevan is known as having the highest per capita rate of respiratory disease in Canada. There are two large coal fired power plants in the Estevan area, Boundary Dam with six units operating and Shand with one large unit. Boundary Dam began operations in 1959 with only two units and by 1978 it had six units operating. Shand, the newer of the two stations has one large unit built in 1992. Together these two plants provide 1/3 of Saskatchewan's power needs.
The coal these units burn is one of the dirtiest coals in North America and during the winter a brown stream of particulate and gases can be seen floating at low altitudes through the city and surrounding farm country. The new unit with CCS technology will only hide 1/3 of the total CO2 output from Boundary Dam Power Station.
pwlg
47 weeks ago
Saskatchewan guinea pigs-Part II
As Nikiforuk has indicated, little has been done to ensure the long term safety of the sites where the CO2 is expected to be used underground for "enhanced oil recovery". There is no policy to ensure SaskPower, the government utility, will monitor the sites diligently in the short and long term.
And as Nikiforuk has stated the efficiency of the coal fired unit that is slated for a rebuild will be reduced by 25% as the unit will require more of its electrical energy output to operate the equipment to capture and compress the CO2. Efficiency of the unit in terms of providing power to the residents of Saskatchewan will be in the range of 55%! Hardly something one in the private sector would want to invest heavily in as the price of captured carbon gas to the oil and gas industry has yet to set. But those close to the action say that the oil and gas industry want the captured CO2 for nothing. Who is holding all the cards in this transaction? The Boundary Dam Power Station does not have the capacity to store large amounts of CO2 on its site so it has to transport the gas as quickly as it can to a destination. Will the government of Saskatchewan strong arm the oil and gas industry shove the carbon gas down the throats of the petro industry and threaten the wealth it now receives from royalties from the incredible expansion of that industry in the SE of the province.
So the good folks in Canada and Saskatchewan are financing this through their government's treasuries without any valid business plan in place to determine whether the loss of electrical energy from the plant that will be used to capture and compress the gas will be offset by the price paid by the oil and gas industry in Saskatchewan. Chalk one up for government ineptness but also to the oil and gas industry who once again will receive a heavy subsidy, through CCS, and will not be required to monitor their "enhanced oil recovery" sites on a long term basis. The monitoring will be left up to the good people of Saskatchewan who have been fed nothing but bull chips throughout the CCS bumpf.
At the public trough once again is the Canadian government's darling corporation, SNC Lavalin, who will be managing the Boundary Dam project. SNC Lavalin, or rather a subsiduary, is the private operator of the Canada Line in Vancouver, the operator of several large office buildings that house the federal government, runs or used to run most of the Afghanistan Canadian military infrastructure and of course the parent company has been involved in many of the large scale transportation infrastructure projects in BC other than the Canada Line. In short, they are Canada's Halliburton.
SNC is no guinea pig but they sure like feeding from the trough.
Dan the socialist
46 weeks ago
I have not researched this
I have not researched this enough to say whether pumping carbon into the ground is good or not....However giving Shell (or any other oil company) all that money is horrific yet the people would rather bitch about Postal Worker wages... Shell and other oil companies should be paying for this not tax payers. But at the end of the day it always is tax payers who pay while big oil laughs and runs all the way to the banks.......
ICO2N
46 weeks ago
Science and Fact
I am writing on behalf of the Integrated CO2 Network (ICO2N), an alliance of some of Canada’s largest industrial companies who support the development of Carbon Capture and Storage. As an organization that has been involved in research and the development of CCS for six years, we feel it is important to deal in science and in facts, not in innuendo, insults and unsubstantiated statements that are passed off as “facts”. That is why I would like to make the following factual points in rebuttal.
1. Solving the climate change challenge is not about a single tool to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions – there will be many tools and we need to move quickly to grow them all – but CCS is an essential part of the solution.
Many technologies will be needed, but CCS has been identified as the single largest way of reducing GHGs in Alberta. A study by the Delphi Group looked at the potential supply, timing and cost of GHG reductions in Canada from a variety of alternatives, and concluded that CCS has the most significant potential for annual reductions, closely followed by nuclear, wind power and vehicle fuel efficiency improvements.
2. Yes CCS is expensive, but studies have clearly shown that its costs are comparable to those of other GHG reduction options such as wind and solar. There is no inexpensive, easy way to reduce GHGs by the volumes that are required in the near term.
In addition, however, CCS will generate long-term economic benefits for Albertans and Canadians, including jobs to build and operate CCS infrastructure and jobs in an expanded enhanced oil recovery (EOR) industry. EOR can extend the life of Alberta’s declining conventional oil reservoirs and provide royalty and tax revenues, yielding a strong return on investment, more than offsetting the province’s initial investment in CCS.
ICO2N
46 weeks ago
Continued: Science and Fact
3. CCS technologies can be operated safely and effectively. They are based on tested and proven technologies that have been used safely for many years. CCS facilities and pilot projects have been operated around the world and prominent academics have evaluated the technology extensively. Even, the IPCC, a group well known for its effort to quanitify the risks of future climate change has said “the fraction [of CO2] retained in appropriately selected and managed geological reservoirs is likely to exceed 99% over 1000 years.”
In Canada, the geologic formations being considered as candidates for long-term CO2 storage – namely depleted oil and gas reservoirs and deep geological sequestration sites – have already proven safe for storing other gases and liquids. These same formations have trapped crude oil and natural gas underground for hundred of millions of years.
To quote a recent international research report by DNV, a respected global independent foundation that specializes in services for managing risk, "CO2 geologic storage (CGS) ... is a mature technology that has been used at industrial scale at several large sites both onshore and offshore. CGS technology can be applied immediately, at a much larger scale, at tens to hundreds of sites globally." DNV pointed to "almost 100 years of natural gas storage at hundreds of sites in North America and Europe, 35-plus years of experience with CO2 enhanced recovery in North America, 15-plus years experience with acid gas injection in Western Canada, 14-plus years experience at dedicated CGS projects in the North Sea and Algeria, plus a number of research-focused pilot CGS projects on five continents."
4. CCS is not a local whim, it is a real, scientifically-supported process that is backed by countries all around the world as part of a global commitment to reduce GHGs.
There are CCS projects operating, under development or planned in countries all around the world. A report last year by the Global CCS Institute reported that 238 CCS projects were either active or planned worldwide. Canada and Alberta are a part of that global commitment. Through these extensive developments, we expect the technology to improve and the costs of CCS to be reduced over time.
Actions to address the climate change issue are both necessary, and challenging. ICO2N applauds the Government of Alberta for this necessary step in financially supporting early CCS projects.
G West
46 weeks ago
ICO2N
Sounds very nice... however, you haven't dealt with a single one of the specific problems of a technology that is far from proven.
Why not?
Your post sounds like something from the marketing department.
Why would one NOT BE SURPRISED that you're pleased to have the government subsidizing your industry?
Quoting reports from the carbon capture and storage industry/lobby doesn't really cut it.
Not around here at least.