Opinion

Biggest Silent Election Issue: Oil's Erosion of Canada

Petro wealth is fouling our country's character, as it did many others'.

By Andrew Nikiforuk, 21 Apr 2011, TheTyee.ca

Maple leaf with tar sands detail

It warped Thatcher's UK, Holland and Venezuela -- and now us.

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"Oil and centralized rule seem to go together and oil and democracy do not generally mix." -- Terry Karl

Canada, an emerging petro state that now supplies the failing U.S. empire with a fifth of its oil, is in the midst of a surreal federal election.

Although the country pretends to be a "clean energy superpower," most analysts recognize the place as a cheap energy supermarket with a poor environmental record and absolutely no national energy strategy.

Incredibly, the April 12 national leadership debate didn't even spill a word about petro dollars, the Dutch Disease, climate change, carbon taxes, sovereign wealth funds or even the dangerous pace of bitumen development in the tar sands.

In many respects Canada now resembles Margaret Thatcher's England. The Iron Lady was really a Petrol Queen who used tens of billions of dollars from Scottish offshore oil to fund her extreme restructuring of British society. Thirty years passed before critics realized that Thatcher spent "God's gift" on the British economy without saving a bloody cent.

Too polite about petro

Although Europeans and Americans have become alarmed by Canada's extreme petro politics (lobbying against climate change and low-carbon fuels), no one wants to disturb the bituminous elephant in the living room at home. Canada may well be the world's first polite petro state.

But Canada's inability to talk about what matters typically defines oil-exporting nations. (Oil now accounts for five per cent of the country's GDP and 25 per cent of its exports and those figures could triple by 2020.) Oil wealth, like any inheritance, insidiously changes the entire political household as well as its vocabulary.

For oil not only funds all varieties of political extremism (including Thatcherism, Wahhabism and Hugo Chavez's oil greased "diplomacy"), but ultimately limits public debates about accountability and statecraft. In the end it hobbles democracy altogether.

The brilliant political scientist Terry Karl observed long ago that petro states share several dysfunctional traits. They lower taxes and run on petro dollars; they hollow out their economies and concentrate power; they fund political operas and shun transparency. And they uniformly abandon statecraft because oil wealth can pay for lots of policy mistakes. (Finding a competent petro state is about as miraculous as finding a beaver in Saudi Arabia.)

Canada, which has avoided any debate about what it means to be a major oil exporter, now suffers from the resource curse in spades. It's even governed by Stephen Harper, a stiff economist, climate change skeptic and petro bully from Alberta. It's a dismal province ruled by one party for 40 years based on an unprecedented squandering of hydrocarbon revenues. Harper wants Canada to be a bigger Alberta.

Myth of tax cutting frugality

Let's begin with taxes. Canada's federal government makes more money from the oil sands in form of corporate taxes (about $5-billion a year) than Alberta does with its "give-it-away" royalty fees.

Contrary to recommendations made by the International Monetary Fund and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, this one-time gift goes into general revenue. To date not a penny of Canada's oil wealth (an estimated $500 billion by 2025) has been saved. It's Thatcher redux.

And like Thatcher, Harper's Conservative Party has used petro dollars to cut taxes for the rich as well as energy corporations. Harper has also reduced the national sales tax by two percentages to make ordinary taxpayers fill warm and fuzzy in Saudi Canada.

Bitumen income has also allowed the federal government to spend billions on military campaigns in Afghanistan and Libya without raising taxes. Harper, the son of an Imperial executive, now claims but one singular platform: lowering taxes. (Saudi Arabia, Libya and Bahrain all did the same with oil money.)

As a result the vital link between taxation and representation is eroding in Canada. When governments run on oil money instead of taxes paid by citizens, they become, as Karl documents, "unaccountable to the general population, and their populations, in turn, are less likely to demand accountability from representation in government."

License to overspend

Like most petro states, Harper's Tories have used oil revenue as a license to overspend. Canada's so-called conservative government lavished an astounding one billion dollars on one lousy G-20 summit. Since forming a minority government in 2006, Harper's Tories have also pissed away a $13-billion surplus and accumulated a record $50-billion deficit in 2009-2010.

Moreover Canada's petrolistas have refused to disclose the real bill for buying fighter jets without engines or the actual cost of expanding Canada's prison gulag.

Next comes the hollowing out of the economy or the Dutch Disease. The Macro Research Board, a Montreal-based investment group, boldly warned about the petrolization of Canada's economy in a 2011 report: "A severe case of Dutch Disease has dramatically reduced the breadth of the Canadian business sector over the past decade, hollowing out manufactured goods exporters and making the nation increasingly reliant on commodity demand... This is the time when the Canadian government should be paying down debt and putting away national savings in a sovereign wealth fund."

One recent University of Ottawa study found that 42 per cent of 340,000 industrial job losses since 2002 were probably due to the Dutch Disease and a rising petro currency.

Iron fist pumps oil

As a long-time natural resource exporter, Canada's political leaders tend to behave like caudillos but Harper has sharpened the axe and concentrated power with the élan of, say, a Hugo Chavez.

Cabinet has become a rubber stamp while Parliament is held in contempt. A merit-based civil service is being dismantled. Independent government inquiry is discouraged while scientists must vet their media contacts. More than 14 senior civil servants or commissioners have been fired or resigned in protest. All public events are staged with Bulgarian efficiency.

The late Jim Travers, a vigorous Toronto journalist, called the mess a "dark democracy" and warned that, "In taking politics to a different, hyper-controlling and partisan level, the prime minister is creating a dangerous legacy his successors will gratefully accept before turning it to their benefit."

Petro states are often captured by special interests and Canada is no exception. One of Harper's key advisors is Gwyn Morgan, a political extremist and the former CEO of EnCana, one of the continent's largest energy firms.

Harper's chief former chief advisor, Bruce Carson used the Calgary School of Energy and an Industry Canada grant of $15 million to lobby on behalf and with the petroleum industry. He's also a convicted thief. And so on.

Blacking out transparency

Like most petro states Canada isn't terribly fond of transparency. Out of five industrial nations it ranks last when it comes to honoring freedom of information requests.

Although the world's largest energy project now glowers over the country like Lord Voldemort, the perverse impacts of bitumen revenue on the economy, politics, the quality of governance and deindustrialization of central Canada, go largely unreported and undebated.

But this is how petro states are made: not with a blow to the body politic but with a quiet infection that eats away a nation's entire soul.  [Tyee]

15  Comments:

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  • Van Isle

    2 years ago

    This article really points

    This article really points out what the real problem here in Canada; we are not a democracy. We like to think we are, and constantly reminded by our politicians and the mass-media, but sorry, we're not. Our Governments always make decisions in favour of the elite with the spin that it's for our own good.

  • anarchynow

    2 years ago

    Norway as an example?

    Thank you for another vital and succinct piece - somehow Nikiforuk is able to develop a clear and poignant thesis in a way that weaves the multitude of horrendous, appalling facts with which we are confronted each day.

    I have more of a question than a comment - can we look to Norway as a better model of a state that is able to manage its petro resources more wisely? Or is there really no example of a well-managed oil resource by any state?

  • Democratic Canadian

    2 years ago

    To the author

    I do admit there are issues with the oil sands, GHG emissions, water use, and land reclamation are just some of my personal worries, but I have some concerns with your argument.
    You say Canada is a petrostate, that's fine but Mr. Nikiforuk why not travel to a real petrostate (you seem to like Saudi Arabia) and try and voice your concerns there? Something tells me their government would be a lot less tolerant of ANY freedom of speech not just government criticism. In a democracy interests are weighed in different ways, if we do not like how that is done we vote that government out. On May 2 the citizen's of Canada can make their choice, those in Saudi Arabia cannot.

    You say all of Canada's oil wealth has been squandered not saved, apparently we have different understandings of the word savings or as I would call them investments. The Walter C. Mackenzie Health Science's Center (located in Alberta, a terribly dismal place) and the Edmonton Clinic (under construction) are two of the foremost medical research facilities in North America (not just Canada, North America.) The doctors and researchers that work in these facilities are paid by the Government of Alberta and through the Alberta Heritage Savings Medical Research Endowment. As you noted much of this is derived from oil wealth however both of these seem to me like a rather excellent expenditure of Petro-dollars to myself. Just as things like primary education, policing, child-care and so many other social programs are, perhaps that wealth isn't so squandered?

    You rail the Harper government for a deficit accumulated during the worst recession in 50 years. I ask what would the other political parties have done? Spend as a way to counter-act the business cycle like Mr. Keynes instructed us to, exactly what Mr. Harper did do? In fact it would be a more sensible argument to remind people that Mr. Harper did not want to spend on a stimulus, which would have hurt Canada and Canadians exponentially harder than this deficit has. [OFFENSIVE AND UNSUBSTANTIATED CHARGES LEVELLED AT ANY TYEE REPORTER IS NOT ALLOWED IN THIS FORUM. ARGUE WITH THE FACTS NOT THE PERSON OR LEAVE THIS FORUM. -MODERATOR.] Yet, ridiculing elected officials families, pitting the regions of Canada against one another and referring to YOUR country as a petrostate helps no one.
    You do a tremendous disservice to people living in actual petrostate’s who at this very moment are dying because their leaders would rather murder them than build hospitals. So cool the rhetoric for once, engage in actual debate so the issues related to the oil sands can actually be solved. Then perhaps your opinions will be taken seriously by those in power. But because I understand the activist modus operandi I won't be holding my breath.

    Ps-Don't forget to vote on May 2, something, Lybian and Bahrainian citizens are dying to do.

  • Ian Laval

    2 years ago

    Squandering the loot

    I heartily endorse Andrew Nikiforuk's comment about Maggie Thatcher and the damage to Britain's manufacturing through squandering North Sea oil wealth.
    I watched this entire process in dismay from my furnituremaker's bench and finally quit the UK for Canada.
    What do I find here? The same, pretty much.
    Britons en masse were bought off with quick profits from the brief oil bonanza and newly-privatised key industries: gas, water, electricity etc (there's not much British about their ownership now).
    Banking and the City of London's 'invisibles' displaced manufacturing. Inflated money poured into property, skewing a whole economy.
    The UK's been having a hard time lately -- but at least it now seems to be acknowledging that it got something wrong.
    Canada now has an extra disincentive to work, with easy imports of cheap (but only for the time being) goods from emerging countries.
    British people do vote in elections, though, and chatter loudly when their politicians take them for fools.
    It's worrying that Canadians don't bother over-much.

  • Jeffrey J.

    2 years ago

    Canada's Greatest Journalist: Nikiforuk

    We are witnessing some of Canada's best writing in many, many years. This is a great privilege. And a burden as well. The truth is often a hard, hard thing to accept. In 2011 in Canada, it is worse then ever.

    Canada is indeed morphing into a petrostate. Not even the Green Party has the gumption to state what Nikiforuk tells us. Our ruling elite are afraid. Very afraid. Of the oil cartel. Who can blame them.

    Where do we turn for guidance in this freefall. Egypt? 1930's Canada? Tommy Douglas? Ghandi? Martin Luther King?

    I wish I knew.

    Excellent, excellent work. The Tyee should be very proud! Even during such a hard time as this.

  • morechatter

    2 years ago

    Harper has it covered only problem it is with more lies!

    With his man and top advisor Carson who dosen't have a problem with telling defrauding people but sees it as all in a day's work.
    Harper has a energy plan and has Carson on the job as we speak.
    Carson heads up a newly-created "think-tank" in Calgary, called the Canada School of Energy and Environment. The agency,a private corporation is funded entirely with a $15 million grant from the federal government.

    Carson changes the mandate of the agency from that of a research institute to a centre devoted to spreading the word about the Alberta oil sands and helping the Harper government navigate the politically treacherous climate change issue.

    No point asking the Prime Minister any questiions about the issue because all that comes out of that man's mouth is denial of any wrong doing.

    I believe Harper has a energy plan only reason Canadians don't get to know it is if they did Harper would soon be without a job.

  • morechatter

    2 years ago

    Some could say it was a conflict of interest

    Rumor is the Conflict Commissioner is rarely on the job, apparently she just may be in conflict with her job. Who knows, not the Conflict Commissioner that is for sure.

  • raincoastgirl

    2 years ago

    Harper's father

    Can someone point me to the evidence that Harper's father was an Imperial Oil Executive? There is very little info online and all I see is that he worked as accountant for them.

    Thanks

  • macsasquatch

    2 years ago

    stalking Nikiforuk

    I have lived in the oil patch for decades. I know people who had severe health break downs, children with chronic respiratory problems, seen stats on birth problems, heard anecdotes from or about people who have had run ins with the oil and gas extraction industry. I followed the Ludwig story, and, more recently, the Encana bombings. I have seen what happens at Oil and Gas Commission to ordinary people. I know two instances of people who had to go over 800 k away to even get legal representation to help them out with a beef with the industry, and I've seen what the overwhelming legal response of the industry is to people who complain. And I have seen lots having to do with the labour relations in the oil and gas industry.
    So when I read something by Nikiforuk, or when he comes through on a speaking tour, I think of the stories about the auto industry's response to Ralph Nadar, back in the 1960's.
    I figure, surely the oil and gas industry has a pr firm stalking this guy where ever he goes, when ever he goes online. Surely they have a prepared script that pops up whenever anything by Nikiforuk is published - especially on message board type media like this.
    I guess that one way to spot this is to notice the names that pr people choose to use. Some names cry out 'astro turf pr here.'
    Also, some times the script contains references to things that are nowhere in the original passage by (in this case) Nikiforuk.

    There are likely more, and better ways to spot this kind of thing.

  • G West

    2 years ago

    @ Democratic Canadian

    First of all, a little accuracy would be nice.

    You write: "You say Canada is a petrostate..".

    But what Nikiforuk actually said is this:
    Canada, (is) an emerging petro state....

    There is a big difference and he makes a perfectly valid comparison (which you choose to ignore) with another 'democratic' state that got itself into exactly the same kind of problems Canada is beginning to experience.

    Perhaps you missed the reference to Margaret Thatcher's United Kingdom. There are also significant parallels with what happened there when that country became infected with the Dutch Disease.

    This doesn't mean that hospitals (especially in low royalty Alberta) won't get built - what it does mean, in all likelihood, given current tendencies that - several years down the road - that Canada (and Alberta) will have spent blown the asset and have little or nothing to show for it...

    Unlike Norway, where the state has retained ownership and control of the asset AND used those resources for the good of the whole nation, the profiteering in Canada is all being done by multinational corporations.

    Exactly the same folks who've infected single resource nations all over the world with the Dutch Disease.

    Here's a reference to a little more reading since you don't like Nikiforuk:
    http://www.economie.uqam.ca/pages/docs/Beine_Michel.pdf

    I'll simply quote something from the last two paragraphs, you can read the rest yourself...

    "The substantial appreciation of the CAN/USD between 2002 and mid-2008 has been
    followed by a sharp depreciation of about 20 percent in the last quarter of 2008. Over the
    same period, the price of oil and the other commodities got back to very low levels.

    The recent developments illustrate well why the Dutch disease should be taken into account to understanding the evolution of the Canadian economic structure and the future of its wellbeing. As pointed out at the beginning of this paper, the Dutch phenomenon becomes a disease if the manufacturing sector does not come back when the resource boom is over.

    Had Alberta’s resource boom lasted for 100 years, the appreciation of the Canadian
    currency and the shrinking of its manufacturing sector might have been viewed as an optimal market adjustment with limited role for government intervention. In contrast, Alberta’s resource boom is already part of history, the Dutch phenomenon may have already become a disease that challenges economic policy. ...."

    And, please note that this paper was written in 2009, before the run up of the dollar and the huge recent increase in foreign investment in the Tar Sands.

    We may still get the odd hospital and research facility - but that won't make up for the negative effects of putting all our eggs in one basket.

    Which is, I'd say, the real point of Nikiforuk's work - here and elsewhere.

  • realisticman

    2 years ago

    Manufactured exports from

    Manufactured exports from Canada are far, far more valuable than oil and gas exports.

    In 2006, Mining, Oil and Gas Extraction figures are $33.46 billion.
    Transportation Equipment alone is $79.43 billion. Paper and Wood Products is $28.9 billion. Wholesale Trade is $50 billion.

    http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/65-506-x/65-506-x2008001-eng.pdf

  • G West

    2 years ago

    No they're not...

    Most of that stuff is in and out (auto trade)- we'd have a huge balance of payments problem if you took out the petrol poison - furthermore, as Nikiforuk and the authors above point out, the relative importance of manufacturing is steadily declining from a high after WW 2 to what it is today - in fact, from 2005 to 2009 it has declined as a pct of GDP by 2% - which is huge.

    Nikiforuk's point is that Canada is an emerging petro state and the authors of the article cited above show exactly WHY that's the case.

    And you have NO argument - Canada, as a large number of economists have observed, is well on its way to becoming another casualty of the Dutch disease.

    In fact, all you have to do is look at the number of pages of ad copy in every Canadian periodical over the course of a month to see exactly how frantically the Tar Babies are spinning.

    And it'll get worse if these idiots manage to overcome the Americans resistance to the Keystone pipeline.

  • realisticman

    2 years ago

    Oh, OK.

    I'll advise StatsCan that they're all wrong.

  • G West

    2 years ago

    Go ahead, They know the score

    You're the one who misinterpreted and who doesn't understand what's actually going on here.

    That's not unusual for immigrants.

    But we don't hold it against you...especially if you're willing to learn from your mistakes.

  • SarahDM

    2 years ago

    So what can we do about it?

    Dear Andrew,

    Thank you so much for this article. As a voter, I want to know what I can do about it! I do not want to live in "Saudi Canada". How do we stop this? Reading your article made me so angry and emotional to the point of tears. And yet I feel so powerless to do anything about it. What is the solution?

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