Opinion

1932, 1968, 1980... 2008

The huge, historic shift that Obama's impending victory will signify.

By Michael Fellman, 20 Oct 2008, TheTyee.ca

Barack Obama

Obama: Ushering in a new age?

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If the next two weeks fail to produce yet another astonishing change, we are on the verge of an Obama landslide that will also produce a Democratic landslide in the congressional elections. This will be not merely an electoral event but a watershed election, one of the infrequent but profoundly altering basic changes in American political history.

Be patient, please. I am a history professor and this is an historical analysis, a useful terrain few journalists explore.

The resemblance of 2008 to the 1932 election is almost eerie. President Herbert Hoover, a true believer in laissez faire capitalism, had presided with almost complete passivity over the ever-deepening depression triggered by the 1929 stock market crash (when the Dow lost 87 per cent of its worth), and the ensuing industrial and banking catastrophe. Hoover had been preceded by 70 years of Republican hegemony, decades of wildfire capitalist development coursing along boom and bust cycles. Government had stayed clear of regulation while also handing out land and other resources to the private sector. The occasional Democratic president had played variations on Republican themes.

1932 changed everything. Franklin Roosevelt, a good-looking, pragmatic and centrist political figure swept to victory on the most vague of platforms. However, when he took power, he initiated the New Deal, massive government intervention in the financial sector of the economy, with macro-economic projects for the unemployed. Actually, the New Deal never ended the depression, but it gave people hope.

Previous age of liberalism

Also during the 1930s, John Maynard Keynes, an internationally influential British economist, developed a full theory of government intervention in the economy, including deficit financing during economic bad times and tight regulation of banking and finance. Whether this should be considered socialism or state capitalism is a matter of argument. The usual term applied was a "mixed economy." The ideology was "liberalism."

This political period lasted until either 1968 or 1980, depending on how you look at it.

When the Republicans returned to power in 1952, after 20 years in the wilderness, the Eisenhower administration endorsed rather than reversed Democratic governance using an economically engaged state. And then the Kennedy/Johnson years saw a revitalization of the activist state, with a serious War on Poverty producing a plethora of new federal institutions. Unfortunately, Lyndon Johnson sank his popularity with a shooting war in Asia, and anger with him and the Democrats produced Richard Nixon in 1968. While Nixon did not reverse every element of the Johnson policies, he ran against Washington and set the political ground for a reversal of the state interventionist policies that had been dominant since 1932.

Reagan and his Democrats

It was the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980, however, that proved to be the political and economic watershed. The state was the problem not the solution, Reagan urged with his actor's reassuring shuck and smile. The Republicans reversed the whole New Deal mentality, the belief in state action that had characterized American political life for nearly 50 years. Liberalism became a curse word; deregulation was going to free the marketplace to perform wonders of wealth-creation never seen before. Taxes were slashed for the very rich and for corporations. Wealth was redistributed upwards, reaching back to the salad days of the 1890s and the 1920s.

Bill Clinton signed on to this program, killing many more financial regulations and creating the housing program that has led to the current catastrophe. He was a Reagan Democrat, proving the hegemony of the Republican New Order.

Until the financial crisis that is now about a month old -- although it feels like a decade -- it had been unclear what the meaning would be of an Obama election. Clearly people are sick and tired of W, clearly McCain is a weak candidate, but Obama seems to be an instinctive centrist politician planning to reach across the aisle to introduce moderate reforms.

The coming veer to the left

It is the economic crisis that will make 2008 another watershed election. Circumstances will drive Obama and the Democratic congress to the left. An interventionist state is returning with a rush; Reaganite, anti-state, deregulated capitalism, it is now clear, is a catastrophe and a dead letter. A new era has begun.

This time the Republicans have adapted to the economic and political sea change even before they have left office. In dire straits, somewhat reluctantly following the British lead, the Goldman Sachs element of finance capitalism that runs the W. treasury has signed on to massive state intervention, and a bewildered Congress agreed. Henry Paulson et al are of course saving themselves through state intervention -- Keyensianism in the foxhole -- but such rapid reformulation of their self-interest proves my point.

Therefore when the Obama administration deepens this new departure, many influential elements of the Republican Party will not be able to rail against the state as the enemy and the Democrats as high spending state activists.

Conservatives for Obama

When Republican warhorses like George Will, Christopher Buckley, Colin Powell and the Chicago Tribune (for the first time in its 157 year history) endorse Obama, you can measure the depths of this adaptation to the emerging new political economy.

Moreover, unlike during the Great Depression, the world's major economies have all responded in coordinated fashion to the crisis in financial capitalism. Under European leadership, during the next year or two, we will see the development of an international system of financial regulation to respond to the ever-increasing internationalization of capitalism.

None of this was even vaguely plausible a month ago. Gordon Brown, who had presided over reckless British deregulation for a decade as Finance minister, suddenly rediscovered and enacted Keynesian interventionism. Along with Nicholas Sarkozy, the conservative French leader, Europeans are leading the charge for what the French president calls a New Capitalism. Bush, however reluctantly, is following along and will soon convene the first conference in the international reorganization of capitalism that will take months or years to institutionalize.

The meaning of 'change'

Barack Obama will preside over this change, and he will raise the taxes of the rich, punish a whole raft of corporate thieves, and begin a true national health care system. This will not be another Clintonian endorsement of Reaganism but a reversal of its premises and policies.

As for the Republicans, they will either follow the lead of the current shift in thinking and action initiated by the dying W. regime or they will regroup rightwards in reaction against the new internationalism that they will define as treason to American sovereignty and American world domination. With a charismatic leader -- NOT Sarah Palin -- they could become an even more dangerous assault army attacking the new political order that has just begun to emerge.

The alternative and more likely scenario, if history is any guide, is that Republicans will continue to seek the new centre, which has just jolted to the left.

We certainly live in amazing times. I am awe-struck by the suddenness of this fundamental economic and political re-orientation. And I am reassured by memories of what my father told me, that the depression he lived through was a very creative and exciting as well as dislocating and disheartening human experience. The next few years are likely to produce a deep recession, but the mechanisms for combating it are already being mobilized. In that sense the world's leaders have indeed learned from history that we are all in this together and that the people who play with our money need to be watched like hawks.

Barack Obama never has articulated exactly what he means by Change. History is doing it for him.

Related Tyee stories:

[Tyee]

Michael Fellman, who writes on the American election campaign for The Tyee, is professor of history, emeritus at Simon Fraser University. Read previous Tyee articles by Michael Fellman here.

33 Comments:

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  • Luke Skywalker

    3 years ago

    Good Article!

    Quote:
    When Republican warhorses like George Will, Christopher Buckley, Colin Powell and the Chicago Tribune (for the first time in its 157 year history) endorse Obama, you can measure the depths of this adaptation to the emerging new political economy.

    That sums it up perfectly.

    Who would have ever imagined those "outside of the box" Obama endorsements... even just a short few months ago???

  • jsinger

    3 years ago

    Thanks for the uplifting

    Thanks for the uplifting historical overview. The financial wheeling and dealing of the world is always incomprehensible to me, but it has seemed to me that this 'collapse' (or whatever it is) might be an opportunity to correct some of the obviously wrong and ugly things about our present system - like the fact that big tobacco, for instance, could be so wealthy simply for trapping people in childhood to a lifetime of expensive addiction that ends in premature suffering and death, while at the same time denouncing other, ultimately lesser drug users and legalization advocates as evil. Many other obvious examples (though how much more obvious could any example be) exist that seem to me to be direct results of our present system.

    I've never heard anything but negatives about the depression. This is the first time I've heard it mentioned as a time of creativity, which actually makes sense. I want your version of upcoming events to be true, and I hope increasingly right wing Canada will be watching and learning.

  • Van Isle

    3 years ago

    Good article, but you forgot

    Good article, but you forgot to mention that Nixon unpegged the dollar to the gold standard and sent Kissinger off to Saudi Arabia to make a deal with OPEC to have all oil bought and sold in US dollars. Of course this benefitted the Int'l banks in London and New York because currencies now had to be exchanged. Guess what 2 countries didn't like the deal and didn't sign on? You're right, Iran and Iraq. Saddam Hussein signed his fate in the spring of 2001 when he came out of a cabinet meeting and mentioned that in the future, Iraqi oil was going to be sold in Euros. Have you also noticed that Putin, and that little fella in Iran, mentioned a couple of years ago that their oil should be traded in some other currency, other than the US dollar. Now they're on the US administrations shit list? If you want to have a good read, try Petro-dollar Warfare by William Clarke.

  • lynn

    3 years ago

    Life in the trenches of capitalism

    Quote:

    "And I am reassured by memories of what my father told me, that the depression he lived through was a very creative and exciting as well as dislocating and disheartening human experience."

    Yes, an interesting and good point from Mr. Fellman's father about the potential creativity involved in a time of crisis.

    Quote:

    "In dire straits, somewhat reluctantly following the British lead, the Goldman Sachs element of finance capitalism that runs the W. treasury has signed on to massive state intervention, and a bewildered Congress agreed. Henry Paulson et al are of course saving themselves through state intervention -- Keyensianism in the foxhole -- but such rapid reformulation of their self-interest proves my point."

    My dispute with this is that this is nothing new - capitalism and its companies "have been saving themselves" through state intervention and the grand theft of taxpayer monies under both Republican and Democratic governments for eons - using the protection of unspoken, invisible, behind-closed-doors manipulations that effectively blindside and hinder public scrutiny.

    Now due to this crisis it's just out in the open.

    So there has been no real "re-formulation of their self-interest"..it's just another coy marketing ploy/public sell job to once again get want they want.

    In the world according to Henri Paulsen et al: a foxhole is just another great monetary opportunity not to be missed.

  • lynn

    3 years ago

    Sinking

    And regarding those decades of behind-closed-doors government bail-outs to corporations: Canada is now much in the same sinking boat.

    One only has to look to the Campbell Liberals numerous and now infamous P3's:

    For just one example: "BC Ferries" (well, in name only). We know exactly "who pays" and "who gets" the profits...and whose services are declining despite having to pay more for them.

    We, the people, have been bailing out corporations for a long time now.

  • Booker

    3 years ago

    Sudden

    This sea-change is not all that sudden. The recent financial melt-down is simply the exclamation point at the end of the sentence. The shift started with the Iraqi insurgency. That was followed by Katrina, which had a profound effect on the American psyche. The latest shift, in which some conservatives have switched sides, is the result not just of the financial crisis, but of the nastiness of John McCain, combined with the attractiveness of Obama.

    It will be interesting to see how the Republicans regroup. The crazies are a big part of their party, and they won't give up their influence without a fight.

  • seemstome

    3 years ago

    catastrophic event

    In their book "Blood in the Streets" (1989) Davidson and Rees-Moog discuss the possible end of PAX-Americana. What we may be seeing is the catastrophic event that will galvanize opposition and create the momentum for a long-desired change in the world's financial systems.

  • ME2

    3 years ago

    PAX Americana's Dollars are a gone goose.

    So one can only hope, seemstome. But since there's not supposed to be enough Gold around to go back to a gold-based currency, the only alternative appears to be the Euro, which is the same kind of fiat currency as the US Dollar that's gotten us into trouble in he first place.

    But then, maybe there's lots of Gold in Dubai, which advertises itself as the world's coming financial center? Ever since the Yanks nixed large scale Arab investment (boy, I bet they'd welcome some now), the Arabs have been squirreling away Gold.

    Has Dubai investment been just blowing away soon-to-be-worthless US dollars, or does it know something we don't?

  • coxnews

    3 years ago

    A simple question

    A simple question indicates on the deceit the Arabs supported the democratic attitude tells in America or break America for conditions the disorder must the dictatorship. Being can in Middle East by the truth face in the republican party rise in all American people to a suitable level observed (obama) practices a racist zealotry and he chooses an adviser. To Colin Powel funny ordered for the American people condition where he from the embarrassment and the hostile states laughingstock.

  • coxnews

    3 years ago

    Attention must be from Iran, they planted a political mine for i

    Attention must be from Iran, they planted a political mine for in a sudden surprise the world nuclear bomb and placement of America and the world were met the first thing that is interested in drug trafficking and to keep its people in the event of deplorable and domination on the outlets of the resolution FP the free world it is a big trick must be crushed in the bud McCain is real hero faces this trick beware dear investors from the following

  • Fiat lux

    3 years ago

    The main question here is

    The main question here is whether Obama can beat the computerized voting machines that gave Bush 8 years to screw up, not only his own country, but the whole world ?

    I can see those machines coming to Canada under Harper, to "synchronize" with our great friends and trading partners.

    Ed Deak.

  • murdock

    3 years ago

    Fixing a date...

    In the effort to fix a date for an end to market capitalism the authors seemstome mentioned have set out, in their book "The Sovereign Individual" they argue that 1989 and the tearing down of the Berlin Wall was the 'defining moment' for the end.

    Others, such as Gore Vidal, have also argued that the WWII actions of the US and more accurately their actions after the end of the war under Truman are the seeds of Empire. All that has followed since about 1950 has been the continued crumbling of the US Republic, only now has the financial collapse shown the utter weakness of Congress and the danger that such weakness presents.

  • Fiat lux

    3 years ago

    It is a long standing

    It is a long standing historical fact that empires always go that one fatal step too far and self destruct.

    The history of all empires, and also of all competitive systems, is always the same: Takeoff with stolen energy, usually "ordained" by some deity, stealing more energy to remain competitive, and then as the energy supply dwindles and the opposition grows, running out and burnout.

    Practically all European countries have at one point been empires. Look at them now. Where are the great empires of the past? Living off stolen resources for 500 years, crying over past greatness and prying for more.

    Unfortunately, the human exports of Europe, as here in the Americas, have still not learned the the simple lesson of not pissing against the wind, trying to break elementary physical laws with faith, on the orders and advice of their priests and ideologues.

    Ed Deak.

  • refedmel

    3 years ago

    Trudeau and Obama

    Obama is a true spawn of trudeaupian ideology ....liberalism.

    And the author of this article is a 'useful [EDITED]' of the same seed. His position as a 'teacher' says it all..Before Pierre his followers, Canada for one was debt free and credit scam free.

    The attitude of accountability and credibility was replaced by relativism, which I like to describe as "mind over matter, if you dont mind it dont matter".....the exact attitude that is taught, practiced and nurtured by the idiots now leading this world into mind boggling debt and depravity .

    Obama is a direct descendant of this drift into immorality and hedonism....but not to worry, this headlong plunge into insanity and chaos will bring about his and their ruin and then, maybe, pick ourselves out of the ashes of liberalism and get back to a balance of classical liberal and or a conservatism reflecting values that created our society and not the ones dragging us into the depths.

    It is ironic that as China rises, their old curse becomes so credible, "may you live in interesting times" ...and I thought Trudeau was a Quebecer.

  • springer

    3 years ago

    hopeful

    Thanks for the article and the political/financial history lesson. Many people are hopeful that the tides are shifting; we've been waiting for decades - perhaps now is the time. These are, indeed, interesting times we live in.

  • vegguy

    3 years ago

    Delusion

    It is likely true that Obama will win a massive electoral victory in the US.
    The suggestion that this will usher in great change is nonsense.
    The only change that will occur is the US will move from an elitist white-skinned president to an elitist black-skinned president. Democrats will be given first place in line to feed at the corporate trough. Obama is at best a John Kerry clone. He is completely controlled by the outdated and dysfunctional DNC.
    Here is the Presidential hopeful who rushed in to support the bail out of the US banking thieves. Electing Obama will be like standing in a hole, waving your arms and calling it progress.
    The really sad part is that the illusion has already been fabricated and sold.
    With Obama in the White House, the American psyche can carry on with "business as usual" but pretend that it is refreshingly new and different.
    There will be no war on poverty. no universal health care. no withdrawal from Iraq. Social programs will be too expensive, even with the new revenues from off shore drilling.
    Obama and crew will hold the sinking financial ship together and afloat until their pockets are full.
    This is a travesty.

  • Des

    3 years ago

    History

    Thank you, Michael Fellman, for the needed history lesson.

    We ignore history at our peril since it and it alone defines our future from its vantage point in our past. It is indeed the truth that sets us free. If, that is, we are willing to listen to it, and then act upon its lesson.

    Politics has acquired a bad name but as a populace we mistakenly forsake it. Our overlords believe they can subvert the will of the people to their own ends by the use of money and other methods, and must rejoice as they see our participation in the voting process steadily decrease, knowing that they cannot ride roughshod over us as yet. But soon, soon...

    Unless, that is, we learn from history and re-take control of our lives, making government and the market-place assume their true functions of being servants of the public instead of our masters.

  • Des

    3 years ago

    Present History

    Yes, Obama seems to be well on his way to the White House. But those Republican string-pullers are very good at also pulling the rug from under the feet of perceived threats like Obama.

    Between the election and his inauguration date, Obama could be easily ambushed by the Bushite faction - say a 'perceived' threat from Iran, answered by Dubya with an attack, dumping the resulting mess into Obama's lap as the new President, responsible for either sending in more troops or pulling them back, neither option sitting well with America (what to do with hundreds of thousands of soldiers, given the bad financial times right now? Leave them fighting overseas or pay them a billion dollars to stand around at home?)

    The colour of Obama's skin and his 'liberalism' will be irrelevant by then in spite of their prominence now.

  • murdock

    3 years ago

    ...or worse

    Yes Des, your forward-looking view is shared by others...

    Naomi Wolf for one.

    There are provisions within the US system for 'dictatorship' ... many are concerned that the pieces are being assembled to permit those powers to be assumed by the 'Commander in Chimp' and "THE MAN".

    Such action would simply confirm my own view that Dubya is just the modern version of Sulla, along with the continuing slide toward the real end of the American Republic...

  • Fiat lux

    3 years ago

    The B52s are over our heads

    The B52s are over our heads every day, here in Central BC in the Williams lake area. Several of them today.

    They must be practicing for something.

    Ed Deak.

  • ME2

    3 years ago

    Ed Deak

    Human societies cannot possibly function without leaders, for always someone must validate the ultimate group decisions. So who do we blame for our choosing the wrong ones?

    To the best of my knowledge, most, if not all political commentators agree the most efficient forms of governance are kingships or dictatorships. The problems with these systems come in the real risk of finding ourselves saddled with a self-serving tyrant instead of a "benevolent dictator" interested in promoting the public good.

    So we've come up with the idea of a representative Democracy in which we vote for the style of government we want. That idea is broken down now, simply because we can no longer trust those we elect to represent us instead of special interest groups.

    What you appear to forget, Ed, is that there are as yet no universally accepted religious and political systems to which all humans can ascribe allegiance, and so the only way to find the best is competition between them, testing one against the other.

    There is no way this can be avoided, since there is no tested template we can follow, (You have yourself rejected all present systems). The reason for this is that every day is an entirely new one for humanity, with economic, scientific, and social conditions undergoing constant change. We are forced to "think on our feet".

    The goal of Bush's New World Order was said to be the breaking down of national trade barriers through economic means (and clandestinely through military threat). Since this would eliminate much of the wastage of energy, etc, from competition, would this be your preference, Ed?

    A good example of testing a system is seen with Castro's Communist / Socialist Cuba, which for 50 yeas has withstood every possible kind of attack - including assassination attempts, a perpetual trade embargo, CIA attempts at "destabilaion" etc - by the USA, aided by its client states.

    Despite all this, Cubans enjoy a higher standard of living, with the exception of access to consumer goods, than most Americans. If Cuba's oil fields come on stream, this will likely provide purchasing power for Cubans, thus depriving the CIA of its major propaganda tool.

    Would you have preferred the Cubans hadn't competed, Ed? If Socialism doesn't cut it for you, do you have an alternate model for cooperation?

  • Fiat lux

    3 years ago

    Me......What you're saying

    Me......What you're saying is very true within today's and the usual, traditionally accepted contexts.

    The cause of the repetitious tragedies of history,is that all ideologies and religions can be turned into legalized crime waves.

    Betweem 1945 and 85 I've spent 40 years. searching for the common denominator of history's tragedies, going through thousands of books, when I found it in the fraudulent definition of economic efficiency in a university textbook, used to this day to brainwash students with.

    The presently taught and used definition is :"The biggest profits for the least monetary inputs".

    I followed this up for 6 years, consulting with scientists all over the world, and copyrighted to only scientifically correct definition in 1991 to establish the date. I have no financial interests in it.

    We have to abandon all faith and philosophies based ideologies, and replace them with economic systems based on physical laws, which can not be turned into scriptures legalizing destruction.

    As far the damage caused by economic competition is concerned, I suggest the reading the works of the American economists W.Edwards Deming, or Herman Daly, who proved without any doubt that it is destructive, and that the only way for survival is cooperation, which is obviously the most efficient.

    Dictatorships are 'efficient", because they are cooperative societies by force.

    Now, how can we achieve cooperative societies by democracy and logic? Are we that stupid that we can no see the benefits?

    If we punish people who steal, we can not legalize the theft of resources, properties and lives under the guise of "competition" and permit anybody, or class, to collectivize and expropriate in its name .

    I also confess to being an economic nationalist without any hesitation, not for jingoistic, but simple and pure, democratic and logical reasons.

    Democracy can not be practiced, or survive, in any kind of "free markets" and "globalized" system, as the EU is now turning into a dictatorship.

    The main purpose of globalization, and the wiping away of national borders, is the licencing of an international ruling sector, a form of mafia, to colonize, enslave, search and destroy anything anywhere with the free movement and perceived power of imaginary capital created from the air.

    Specialization creates incompetence and total reliance on the system, for the purpose of the destruction of rural communities, the family farm system and forced urbanization into mega cities.

    The most effective and efficient economic systems are the greatest degree of multifaceted self sufficiency from the individual to to societal levels. We have developed this to a high degree and can prove that it works.

    Ed Deak.

  • lynn

    3 years ago

    The real challenge

    I agree with vegguy in relation to the sound of hope being expressed here that signifies nothing if the necessary hard work is not done with it ...the hard work and honesty to admit that our system is not working...that our system is self-destructing, in fact.

    Neither McCain or Obama is honest enough to admit that. In Canada the same phony game playing is going on.

    The hope being expressed here is akin to religious fervour that believes that God will miraculously "come through"....and save our souls....so we will not have to.

    No, "we must change our lives", as Rilke once said.

    Let's stop all the false gods stuff.

    It is the system itself that must be challenged and changed....changing the actor in the main part is just a consoling distraction.

    As John Pilger recently wrote:

    Quote:

    "Truly exciting and historic moments have been fabricated around US presidential campaigns for as long as I can recall, generating what can only be described as bullshit on a grand scale. Race, gender, appearance, body language, rictal spouses and offspring, even bursts of tragic grandeur, are all subsumed by marketing and “image-making”, now magnified by "virtual" technology. Thanks to an undemocratic electoral college system (or, in Bush’s case, tampered voting machines) only those who both control and obey the system can win. This has been the case since the truly historic and exciting victory of Harry Truman, the liberal Democrat said to be a humble man of the people, who went on to show how tough he was by obliterating two cities with the atomic bomb.....

    It is time the wishful-thinkers grew up politically and debated the world of great power as it is, not as they hope it will be. game.....

    The "truly exciting and historic moment in US history" will only occur when the game itself is challenged. "

  • coxnews

    3 years ago

    disgrace

    obama will destroy the America efforts in terrorism fighting.

  • coxnews

    3 years ago

    must continue to be the American people

    must continue to be the American people victorious "this comes with McCain reflects the US insistence of the approach of sovereignty, freedom and the right

  • G West

    3 years ago

    I'm sorry coxnews but that kind of thing is garbage

    You might care to read about why here:
    http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20081024.wcoessay1025_1/BNStory/specialComment/home

  • coxnews

    3 years ago

    for. G West

    It is not as mentioned, but Bets of protest in practice "penetrate US stability moral and political since the events of 11/9/2001. of any profit for the States which supporting terrorism Logistically "

    any meaning internationalize. supporting terrorism logistically " By the sponsoring States.

    The task of the entity us is not only for four years to come, but the approach of the privacy of the entity as a method US legal social well-considered different from the barbaric situation of those States

    This situation linked to the personality of a U.S. citizen moral in the world

  • G West

    3 years ago

    coxnews

    I'm sorry I bothered you.

  • coxnews

    3 years ago

    I think a strong

    John McCain is the only candidate real American who works for the benefit of the people of america he is prove that the money granted to developing States for aid worth 800 billion ($ 8,584,604 be used against United States to support terrorism and, therefore, that will provide this value for the benefit of national income, which is the best what is To be for Citizen's income
    US citizen

  • coxnews

    3 years ago

    I think a strong

    John McCain is the only candidate real American who works for the benefit of the people of america he is prove that the money granted to developing States for aid worth 800 billion ($ 8,584,604 be used against United States to support terrorism and, therefore, that will provide this value for the benefit of national income, which is the best what is To be for Citizen's income
    US citizen

  • coxnews

    3 years ago

    abd alrahim foukrae

    I think it is better for the expulsion [abd alrahim foukrae ] correspondent from Al-Jazeera in America because extremist are digging with against the interest of the American people, it focuses on extremist parties with minorities. While he could not interfere in the affairs of his country

  • coxnews

    3 years ago

    Ironically

    Ironically, nominates the Democratic Party for the post of President from the streets Obama
    that more things Ironically in the world

  • coxnews

    3 years ago

    I think that

    I think that the US citizen is the highest civilized to govern or give lessons from the people we do not know how he came and how he stood for election, such as Obama

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