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Saying Sorry Isn't Enough
Komagata Maru and the politics of official apologies.
Passengers aboard the Komagata Maru.
In the past few weeks, much has been written about Prime Minister Stephen Harpers's so-called apology regarding the Komagata Maru incident, which was delivered at the Gadhri Babian Da Mela (Martyrs Festival) in Surrey on Aug. 3, 2008. Much of the debate has focused around the apology needing to be made in the House of Commons in order for it to be afforded the respect and dignity it deserves. Many South Asian Canadians have expressed that the racist discrimination inherent to the Komagata Maru incident in 1914 is being enacted today in the treatment of the community as second-class citizens who are not considered worthy of a full apology by the Conservative government.
Beyond the fact of where the apology was made, there are other reasons to believe that it was indeed disingenuous. For example, Mr. Harper left the stage prior to hearing the response of the 8,000 people gathered. The Prime Minister's Office pre-screened and approved the thank-you speech that was to be given by organizers of the festival. And Secretary of State Jason Kenney insisted that "the apology has been given and it won't be repeated."
What then, might really be behind the string of recent Conservative government apologies not only to Indo-Canadians, but also for the Japanese-Canadian internment, the Chinese-Canadian head tax, and the residential school system? As an article in The Globe and Mail pointed out last spring, "The motivation and timing behind the announcements are the subject of much debate.... What is clear is that many of those Canadians most affected by these acknowledgments live in some of the most competitive ridings in Canada -- particularly in British Columbia and Central Canada."
Emotion over substance
So if not a genuine apology regarding the Komagata Maru, what was Harper's spectacle intended to do? Government apologies have been politically expedient for the Conservatives as they are cognizant of their emotional appeal to a constituency that is otherwise cautious about voting for them. From their perspective, savvy politicians are acutely aware that these apologies are not intended to further a substantial discourse about the state's responsibility and complicity in perpetuating racist subjugation or to bring about practical change in peoples' daily lived realties.
The aim, in fact, is just the opposite. Through the politics of symbolism, it is a painless way of achieving closure while reinforcing the superficial veneer of Canadian multiculturalism and benevolence.
No doubt, formal acknowledgements from governments of past wrongs are one part of a reconciliation process. However, movements pushing for government apologies rarely further the demands for restitution, reparations, transformation of power, abolition of a repressive system, or solidarity with other communities. Instead they often reinforce (whether intentionally or unintentionally) a "model minority" syndrome by seeking equality and monetary compensation with and from an oppressive and colonial state that continues to marginalize and silence. The state continues to do this by legislating and institutionalizing social discipline and exclusion. By shaping the population's productivity through the power to grant or withhold citizenship. By expropriating indigenous lands and resources. By the project of imperialist occupation and its racist civilizing presumptions. And through the protection of exploitative social and class relations.
And we say thank you?
Such apologies are also a form of political opportunism that seeks our blind loyalty and gratitude for a government that is hypocritically perpetuating similar realities in the present. There is a strong temptation when hearing an apology, particularly for an incident that happened almost 100 years ago, to think that amends have been made and that racism is in the past.
In response to the Harper government's recent apology to indigenous residential school survivors, the Quebec Native Women's Association issued a statement declaring: "In order for this apology to be considered genuine, more efforts must be undertaken to correct current oppressive measures under the Indian Act that prevent indigenous peoples from prospering socially, culturally, politically and economically.... And while we may recognize the Government's admission of guilt, the fact remains that many obstacles must be removed in order to give meaning to the spirit and intent of their apology."
Sid Tan, president of the Chinese Canadian National Council and the B.C. Coalition of Headtax Payers has cautioned: "The historical injustices of the Chinese head tax are being replicated today through Canada's exploitative guest-worker programs and restrictive immigration policies. The descendants of these policies will be demanding apologies in future decades. We should deal with this present reality and not just dwell on the past, especially if a history that we are supposed to have learned from is repeating itself."
Similarly, the Komagata Maru is not a story of one century ago; it is a story about today. News about immigration visa delays and restrictions; daily reports on racial profiling and no-fly lists; escalating workplace raids and deportations; and the Safe Third Country Agreement are the stories of today, happening right now. Ali Kazmi's award-winning film Continuous Journey highlights the clear, yet often suppressed, links between the Continuous Journey Rule of 1908 and the present day Safe Third Country Agreement. This 2004 agreement will not allow (with minor exceptions) asylum-seekers into Canada if they first arrive in the U.S, thus forcing most asylum seekers to make a non-interrupted journey through North America. This has resulted in at least a 40 per cent decrease in refugee applications in Canada.
Returned to face guns
This devastating reality unfortunately will not disappear depending on when, where and how the government apologizes for the Komagata Maru incident. It will only change by our determination and dedication to active struggle against these repressive measures. Measures such as the Harper government's Bill C-50, which will further entrench governmental control and arbitrary power over migration, already negatively impacting immigrants, primarily from South Asia.
On the eve of the formal independence of the South Asian subcontinent from British colonial rule, the sacrifices of the 376 migrants aboard the Komagata Maru must be honoured. These heroes challenged not only the nature of exclusionary immigration laws of Canada, but as leaders or sympathizers of the revolutionary pro-independence Ghadr party, they also understood how their treatment in Canada was related to their status as subjects of the global British Empire. In a little known fact, upon return to Calcutta, India in September 1914, the Komagata Maru was stopped by a British gunboat and the passengers were placed under guard. A riot ensued and the British-Indian police opened fire, killing a significant number of passengers.
The realities of political and economic migration today are similarly contextualized within a system of global apartheid and neo-liberal rule that demarcates the asymmetrical relations between rich and poor, North and South, citizen and subject.
And so as we remember both the legacy of the Komagata Maru and the fictitious yet formal Independence Day anniversaries that are upon us, we can draw some lessons from seemingly disparate histories that span the oceans. It is a moral obligation, a moral duty, on human beings to change unjust social orders and to not be easily blinded by the false expectations -- and in this case, false apologies -- rendered by governments to placate us; to always be vigilant; to never be silent or desensitized in the face of injustice; and always to remember that the legacy of the Komagata Maru teaches us that no human being -- whether our ancestors or our future generations -- deserves less than a full measure of justice and our solidarity.
Related Tyee stories:
- Foreign Farm Workers Unionize: A First in BC
Seasonal labourers in Surrey claim bad conditions, vote to join UFCW. - The Gates of Fear?
9/11 and the rules of Canadian citizenship. - Grounding the No-Fly List
Rights groups seek to block 'illegitimate' security plan.




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dorothy
3 years ago
Just plain tired of Canada-bashing
What do you imagine has maintained Canada as a place that is presumably better than where refugees are running away from? If we became totally open, what would prevent the forces people are fleeing from, from following them here and repressing them all over again? A recent case in point is that of a group of Muslim women, who were aghast at possible recognition of Sharia law in some form in Canada, where they stated that they had come here in order to ‘get away from all that’, not to see it being pressed down over their heads anew.
This is an age of seller’s market in skilled labor. ‘If you don’t like it here, go someplace else’ is no longer a facetious remark, but a real choice. There are plenty of places on this Earth, who do not drag the outdated vestiges of a dead empire around their necks; the Scandinavian countries for instance. One may discover there are other drawbacks to that, but at least there is a choice. Happy hunting for the ideal community.
snert
3 years ago
Sorry is too much!
Ingrates.
Skywalker
3 years ago
Saying sorry for votes.
After a certain length of time, when all the victims are dead as well as the people who committed the "crime", sorry becomes nothing more than a way of getting votes and a way for some to benefit. It was 1914. Who is still alive from that time that can be held to account? The rest of us know, or should know the lesson of history.
Back in the 1930's people were deported for fighting for the destitute and unemployed during the depression. They were considered to be communists; immigration virtually came to standstill. Many went back to face persecution and death. Maybe someone will say sorry to them as well. But then the Prime Minister was a tory.
alive
3 years ago
apologists all
We have become a nation of apologists!
This is a good example, why should we apologize because the powers that be enacted a law that by todays standards is considered wrong?
At the time is was the law and it was stupid of anyone to think that merely arriving in port here would change anything.
There have been many injustices done, if one looks at it by todays standards, and likely what is happening today may well be considered wrong later on this century?
All one can do is to govern the way that seem best at the time!
Hindsight is great, but one cannot undo history and trying to make amends is like saying: the law is only the law as long as it is popular!
Frank
3 years ago
Oh please
No it isn't. Everyone involved is dead. The past is a different country, what happened in 1914 is about as relevant now as asking Germany to apologize to Canada for gassing us at Ypres. Strangely, I don't ask every German tourist to do that because even more strangely, I don't hold them responsible.
Learning history is important, learning from history is even more so, but wallowing in self-pity because of some perceived historical injustice is pitiful.
Also, there is a big difference between the Maru and residential schools and the internment of Japanese-Canadians etc. Those were Canadian citizens. The passengers on the Maru were not.
If someone wants to worship foreigners who challenged Canada's right to make its own laws then fine but you aren't going to get any support from me. Because I happen to like democratic government and the idea that if the Americans or Indians don't like one of our laws they can't do anything about it. In fact one of the big problems I have with NAFTA is that its foreigners telling us we can't govern ourselves. What's next we change our laws if a planeload of Columbians arrives and says our drug laws are unjust? Maybe in 100 years someone will decide that's so, but who cares?
What happened to Japanese Canadians was wrong, they were citizens. Refusing to allow foreigners to come to Canada because of racism is wrong but only the racism part. Not allowing people to come to Canada is fine, we have the right to make that decision. No apology was necessary but I'm fine with an apology being made. However, I'm still not going to wear the ashes and sackcloth thing.
If people always live in the past their country will never move forward. Which explains the conditions in too many countries. There's enough problems today without re-inventing old ones.
Moonbug
3 years ago
"The state continues to do
"The state continues to do this by legislating and institutionalizing social discipline and exclusion. By shaping the population's productivity through the power to grant or withhold citizenship. By expropriating indigenous lands and resources. By the project of imperialist occupation and its racist civilizing presumptions. And through the protection of exploitative social and class relations."
I agree completely.
This is the crux of Harsha Walia's excellent argument. Let's not focus on the Komagata incident. Let's focus on the way that it places the government in relation to individuals...
And how is it possible to believe that more open borders (especially for refugees?) will allow things like
"Sharia Law" to somehow infiltrate our society? We need only follow the dictates of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and demand all who dwell here to do the same, to protect against that spectre.
And if, as somehow people fear, 'the barbarians' should indeed invade our dear country, and make the majority here, who are we to say that we have the monopoly on truth and freedom.
I know I hold my ignorences and prejudices unknown. I am imperfect, and I do not doubt that time will find fault with me, but I try to compensate by remaining open to the possibility of being wrong.
An apology should be an acknowledgement of fallibility, and that is why the Harper apologies have failed, because they did not come with an admission of ignorence, not just in the past but in the present... and a promise to examine today's behaviors for the mistakes that engendered yesterday's sorrows.
ME2
3 years ago
"The sins of the fathers..."
In countless societies throughout time, right up to the present, people have killed each other for wrongs they accuse one another of having perpetrated thousands of years ago.
It doesn't matter that the facts of these matters have long disappeared in the mists of time, or that the original protagonists are not around to explain their actions.
As inheritors of modern social / moral / political thought, we've come to believe (at least most of us have) that we've put the old Biblical injunction : "The sins of the fathers shall be laid upon the sons" to a deserved rest.
An example of this is the practice of Vendetta, now illegal, where the son is obligated to himself kill the killer of his father or other family member.
But even today that notion has a strong emotional pull - I myself feel the logic of it - but what overrides that urge is the sure knowledge that this inevitably leads to a societal lawlessness which justifies such things as "ethnic cleansings".
And so it was that as immigrants to this land, we've struggled to leave behind the hatreds we learned in our homelands. IMO, we've largely succeeded, and we've continuously tried to improve upon those successes, for which Canadians are rightly acclaimed.
And so it has been with First Nations as well, even though our pursuit of that goal has been deliberately hidden by the purely emotional rantings of FNs and their advocates.
They have succeeded, just as have other racially-oriented groups in other settings, in convincing the average public that Canada and Canadians have - right up to the present - been pursuing a deliberate program of "cultural genocide".
There is plenty of evidence to the contrary, and even more evidence that in large part, FNs have both wittingly and unwittingly been agents of their own misfortune.
In the present socio/political climate, trying to make that case only further clouds things when the inevitable charges of "racism" reverberate in righteous fury.
Things will begin to change, I think, when people begin to realise that "restoring the culure" really means "restoring the wealth", and that entitlement simply justifies acting only for their own best interests without any concern for the "decadent culture" around them, which mostly includes Suzuki and his buddies.
Luke Skywalker posted a link on another thread that's illuminating :
www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/editorial/st
Trent
3 years ago
Did anyone actually read the article?
The article makes the mistake of overly focusing on the apology. The real story, buried in the article, is that Canadians have not learned from this piece of history, including the commenters above.
Quote:
Also, there is a big difference between the Maru and residential schools and the internment of Japanese-Canadians etc. Those were Canadian citizens. The passengers on the Maru were not.
Frank, you missed the history lesson. The Indian passengers were //British subjects//, just like the Canadians at the time. The truth is that policy makers were trying their best to find clever ways to thwart Asian immigration while encouraging white Europeans, ignoring the fact that Indians were British subjects.
How does this apply today? Temporary Foreign Workers borrow money in their home countries to pay the broker fees to get jobs in Canada. The work permits are tied to a specific employer. The employers wield huge power in this relationship. It's not like a regular job where if employees aren't satisfied the can tell their boss to shove it and seek new work. The permit must be transferred to a new employer and employers are often unwilling to take on the paperwork. Employers have been known to charge unreasonable amounts for staff accommodation, demand overtime, or simply underpay. So, Canada wants these workers, but only on our own (indentured labour) terms. But as Dorothy says above, if they don't like it then they can just go home....to face the moneylenders. So much for Canada being a just country.
This is just one example of current immigration abuses. We may know some of the facts about our history, but clearly we haven't learned from them. Future apologies may not be expected or given, but certainly we'll be ashamed of our continued ignorance.
Van Isle
3 years ago
Apologize for what? They
Apologize for what? They were not Canadians. In a couple of years are we going to apologize to the Chinese who were picked up off the west coast of the Charlottes in rust buckets? The Japanese-Canadians and the Natives I have no problems with an official apology because our Government did that to it's own people. What Harper tried to do was a cheap stunt in getting ethnic votes.
Frank
3 years ago
Trent
Say what? Everyone in the British Empire had the right to call themselves Canadian in 1914? That'll be news to those that made up the "Canadian Corps" at the time. They didn't want to simply be part of the British Army, our government fought to make sure that we served as Canadians, not Brits.
If those demanding an apology because they weren't treated as Brits in the British Empire then demand an apology in London, not Ottawa.
Irregardless of our reasons, we had the right to do so.
It doesn't.
And what does this have to do with the Maru? How will an "official" apology in the House of Commons help?
Canada is not a just country. It never has been and never will be in my lifetime. I expect to hear of stories of injustice taking place here till I die.
Don't expect perfection, you'll be sorely disappointed. On the bright side maybe in 100 years your ancestors will be told they have to apologize for your actions or non-actions too.
Fii
3 years ago
"News about immigration visa
"News about immigration visa delays and restrictions; daily reports on racial profiling and no-fly lists; escalating workplace raids and deportations"
This is not something that happens only in Canada- it's pretty much standard procedure around the world. Only difference is, in few other countries would anyone bother to write about it or spark debate. Look at the bright side- at least we open up our real estate market to pretty much anyone on the planet who can afford to buy (rare in most other countries, or at least, not as damn easy).
dorothy
3 years ago
If you even believe in the devil...
“I am imperfect, and I do not doubt that time will find fault with me, but I try to compensate by remaining open to the possibility of being wrong.”
And so you believe your evangelium of humility must rule, that we should all feel similarly, so we can be sitting ducks and be overrun by people who wouldn’t know humility if it walked up and bit them?
Sorry, but we don’t all necessarily believe that we will get our reward in the hereafter for being willing prey.
“But as Dorothy says above, if they don't like it then they can just go home....to face the moneylenders. So much for Canada being a just country.”
Justice does not add up to a requirement that any person, or country, or ‘outfit’ on whose doorstep you choose to throw yourself must make good on a gamble you made, and where you lost. If you take a risk, and it doesn’t pan out, that liability is yours.
Justice means simply, that you reap as you have sowed, without let or hindrance from people, who have not got a lawful stake in your situation. All the other ‘hyphenated’ ideas of justice ‘social justice’, ‘gender justice’, blah, blah, are inventions showing nothing else that that the real and simple meaning of justice has become corrupted and obscured through being used for everyone’s political football.
I am not in agreement with Canada not being a just country. I think that is too broad. Yes, injustices happen, but I have held my breath many a time up to a Supreme court decision, and hoped with all my heart they would get it right. They usually do. There is something to build on. It is a work in progress and likely always will be. The devil is in the details; but coming from one of the most ‘just’ countries in the World, I would say Canada doesn’t shape up so badly, in some cases better in fact.
ThePosse
3 years ago
Context, context, context
All you have to do is listen to the bitterness coming from Adrian Clarkson in her March 18 2007 interview to understand that some people never learn to forgive and forget and in fact some cultures are well documented for carrying out grudges and revenge for centuries and even millennia over some of the smallest and craziest issues from days long gone by.
In some cases these demands expose an underlying issue, a way of leveraging the issue to gain advancement over another ethnic group.
There is one way of testing whether a group deserves an apology from the Canadian government over an historical issue. Simply ask the question; Has the group demanding the apology also demanded an a apology be given to all Canadian women?
If the group in question has not been demanding an apology from our Canadian government for not allowing our women to vote in Canada then the group demanding an apology in all likihood has ulterior motives. If they had not been asking for an apology for an issue absolutely germaine to entrenching our democracy then they are just stirring up trouble.
Women didn't even have the legal right to vote in Canada at the time of Komagata Maru and yet these people are demanding an apology. They better read some Canadian history and tell us why they weren't asking for an apology for their women.
Let me get this straight, it's okay for people to agressively land their ship in a foreign country that won't let their women vote and then demand an apology for not being let in. They were okay with not letting women vote?
"Full enfranchisement was not to come until 1918, when the Dominion (federal) parliament passed an act giving women the vote. The remaining provinces quickly followed suit, except for Quebec, which did not do so until 1940"
G West
3 years ago
The Posse - couple of points.
In fact, female suffrage was a bit of a mixed ethical bag too. If you've done your homework you'll know that it wasn't from a big movement of reformers that women first got the vote - in the conscription election of 1917 - in fact, certain ‘particular’ women were 'used' to snooker the anti-conscription forces from Quebec because manpower for the trenches was running low.
I think you'll find the first female suffrage in Canada was granted - in 1916 - in Manitoba.
If you're in favour of apologetics, by all means provide one to all and sundry - I'm not sure, though, that such a policy achieves too much.
Personally, I'd be happy enough if we lived up to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in the hear and now.
ME2
3 years ago
the posse
It wasn't just the vote, for women then couldn't borrow money from the Bank without the endorsement signature of their father, husband or guardian - no matter what their age.
I think this was also true of all legal contracts, but I'm not sure of it.
Your point is well taken, and the issue of who should be apologised to or reimbursed on behalf of our / their forefathers has been brought up many times before, but still remains unanswered by the politically correct.
It all depends, I think, only upon who can mount a public campaign and tweak it up to a point where logic becomes immaterial.
It's a sign of our times, in my view.
ME2
3 years ago
Gwest
The "hear and now" Garth? You're as bad as Frank with his "you're and your"
Now I don't feel so bad with my simple spelling mistakes, at least I get the usage right.
"hear and now".....Sheesh
dorothy
3 years ago
Thank you - and another thing...
ThePosse:
Thank you for bringing up this point. As a female member of the spoiled-rotten post-war generations, I needed the reminder. My mother in law was on the barricades fighting for women’s voting rights back in old Europe, something my husband is very proud of, so he urged me to write and thank you!
And, by the way, according to the Vancouver Sun recently, we can now eliminate the Innu from the list of suspects in our quest to determine just who it was that made life unpleasant for Thorfin Karlsefni’s descendants and made them leave Newfoundland. But you can be sure, that once we Norse know who it was, provided these people are not extinct themselves, i.e. the Beothuk, then we will demand an apology for that tort. Actually, we might demand it from those who did in the Beothuk, in case it was them, because they thus deprived us of the chance of getting an apology from the actual perpetrators!
G West
3 years ago
Thanks for the correction ME2
'here and now' - it should have been ;-)