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No, Double Hull Tankers Do Not Ensure 'Total Safety'
Contrary to industry reassurances, Vancouver faces increasing risks of oil spill.
Tanker passing through Second Narrows in Vancouver's port.
Is it safe? That was the question posed last July when Mayor Gregor Robertson convened a special meeting of Vancouver city council to discuss increased oil tanker traffic through the treacherous waters of Burrard Inlet.
Vancouver has quietly become a major oil port, as the capacity of the Kinder Morgan pipeline from Alberta to Burnaby has recently been scaled up to 300,000 barrels per day. Every week several oil tankers squeeze through Second Narrows at the highest tides with less than two metres of water under the keel. These shipments have doubled over the last two years.
At the July meeting, Captain Stephen Brown of the B.C. Chamber of Shipping assured the city that these transits were happening in "total safety" and that "We have yet to have a pollution incident from a double hull tanker."
Since 1993, an international agreement requires that all new tankers have a double-hulled design. Only about 50 single-hulled tankers exist in the world and none are allowed in North American waters. But is it true that there has never been a pollution incident from a double hull tanker? Hardly.
In May of this year, the double-hulled tanker Bunga Kelana 3 spilled 2.9 million litres of crude into the waters off Singapore after being struck by a freighter.
Last January, the double-hulled tanker Eagle Otome spilled 1.7 million litres of crude oil at Port Arthur, Texas after a collision with a barge.
In 1992, the double-hulled carrier Aegean Sea broke apart after running aground and spilled 76 million litres of crude into the ocean off of northern Spain.
'Not a panacea': European study
While double-hulled tanker designs have no doubt increased the safety of marine traffic, they have by no means eliminated the risk. A 2005 report by the European Maritime Safety Agency warned: "The introduction of the double-hulled tanker would not be the panacea for prevention of future pollution from tankers at sea."
The authors conclude that in most cases double-hulled vessels are safer, however they also raised a number of concerns, including:
- 1. Accelerated structural corrosion in water ballast and in cargo tanks
- 2. The lack of mandatory provisions relating to coatings for cargo and ballast tanks
- 3. Fatigue
- 4. A demanding and difficult maintenance regime which, if not properly observed, could lead to structural deterioration
- 5. Lack of mandatory and harmonized procedures for monitoring workmanship and standards of construction during the vessel construction and repair
The panel also cautioned that many of the vessels are nearing 20 years old, and corrosion and metal fatigue between the hulls could be concealed from view unless the vessel owners invest in rigorous monitoring.
Most commercial vessels are registered with nations with comparatively lax shipping regulations, and fully 40 per cent of the world's gross shipping tonnage are conveniently flagged to just three nations: Liberia, Panama and the Marshall Islands.
Nightmare scenario in Vancouver's port
So what could happen if a double-hulled tanker went aground in Second Narrows? At 240 metres, Aframax tankers are twice as long as the Second Narrows channel is wide. A worst-case scenario might involve the bow of a tanker running aground on one side of the channel and the stern being carried by the ship's momentum to ground on the other side.
As the tide falls, the fully loaded ship is supported by only bow and stern. Not designed for such stresses, the hull ruptures, spilling crude oil on a five-knot tidal current out into English Bay and the Strait of Georgia.
Under such conditions, there would be little hope of quickly containing the oil with floating booms, or maneuvering another vessel alongside to pump out the grounded tanker.
Such a scenario is of course speculation, and the structural behavior of a specific ship is a technical question that requires the expertise of a naval architect. However, it is clear from recent shipping incidents and expert opinion that double hull designs do not guarantee that spill will not occur, nor assure "total safety." ![]()




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RickW
1 year ago
The word "shibboleth" comes to mind.
We will be perfectly safe - until we aren't......
Karen D.
1 year ago
Check out the tanker accidents for yourself
Dbl. hulled accidents resulting in significant spillage:
Shinouss
Sea Spririt
Al Garrabo
Posavina
Rangrid
Genmare Hector
Baltic Carrier
New Amity
St. Helen
Morning Express
Good Hope
Front Vanguard
Petrovskat 1
....
http://www.c4tx.org/ctx/job/cdb/do_flex.html
Van Isle
1 year ago
I was in Rotterdam in 1980
I was in Rotterdam in 1980 when they had to move a VLCC that had 'broken it's back' in Euro-port while discharging. It was a wonder that there was no fire and the spilled oil was contained. The reason for the "accident"? The ships officers didn't know how to operate the the loading/discharging computer.
blackie
1 year ago
totally safe?
The trouble with this kind of analysis is, it's pointless. There's no such thing as "totally safe," whether you're shipping oil in tankers or getting out of bed in the morning. If you follow this argument to its logical conclusion, you'd never ship or pipe a barrel of oil anywhere -- and you'd never get out of bed in the morning.
I always laugh when so much is made (think big black P.1 headline) of an oilman's admission that he can't guarantee there won't be a tanker spill, pipeline breach, bad earthquake, monsoon -- whatever. The travesty would be if the jerk said he could guarantee it -- THAT should generate a headline.
This stuff is all statistical -- a benefit-risk calculation. To environmentalists, there is no benefit, and any risk is unacceptable. To the guy who stands to make a buck, it's the opposite. The truth lies in the middle somewhere.
Loke
1 year ago
I worked with the shipping industry...
I was working with the shippng industry at the time the rules were implemented for the double hulls. There have been all kinds of studies that the double hull is safer but not the safest. Comparmentalized hulls were considered safer and was deemed to provide more prevention to oil spills then double hulls. Double hulls only prevent leakage due to certain types of punctures.
Don't know why a meeting in July is now reported as news. Also the important part of the meeting isn't mentioned, the fact that the meeting was just a show. 99.9% of the issues have nothing to do with the city of Vancouver as the waters are a federal issue and the city can't do anything if they even wanted to.
snert
1 year ago
The three escort tugs
in the lead photo say it all. Nothing is %100 safe. If everybody does their job and all equipment is maintained then there is no reason to believe that these vessels can't continue to move in and out of the port without incident as they have done in the past.
That does not mean that procedures can't be beefed up and also that age restrictions can't be placed on the vessels but the chance is quite small of a major oil spill and the chance of no major accidents at all is very great.
morechatter
1 year ago
Its a sure thing
What are the odds as government and industry tries to convenience residents its a sure thing? While most of us are certain it is an accident waiting to happen and there is no going back as the blackened waters become a watery grave for its inhabitants who don't stand a chance.
morechatter
1 year ago
No reason to get out of bed
You do not have to indanger you waters and your way of life so big oil companies can ship their oil to market to make a big buck. Despite critics saying its life, no its death lets get it straight and very dangerous and not worth the risk as whats in it for you, but a toxic drink.
long time interest
1 year ago
A certain element of Risk!
I think the interesting thing about this whole subject is; it's been going on for a very long time, and only now is the media and public showing an interest. Of course incidents like the Deepwater Horizon will peak the interest and spurn concerns in most people's minds.
In regard the July City council meeting, it was interesting, but the questions in the minds of those in attendance were never adequately addressed.
Nothing which requires transportation of goods can be guaranteed as being 100% safe. But safeguards and fail-safe sytems can be adopted or built in to minimize risk. Perhaps assist tugs need to be beefed up, perhaps manning on such assist tugs needs to be increased, etc etc. There exist solutions, but no one can provide guarantees.
atom
1 year ago
Australian oil spill - hilarious
Australian Senator discusses supertanker and 20,000 tons of crude oil on fire...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-QNAwUdHUQ
PeteL
1 year ago
Up and "atom"
That's an oldie, but a goody. Clearly this skit from Australia was performed to illustrate and highlights the total lack of regard for public transparency from the shipping industry.
sdgreen
1 year ago
Nonsense
Mitch Anderson worries too much!
Other than a few fishing and small private vessels, and of course the ill fated BC Ferries sinking (as a result of total Bridge incompetence), when waa the last time a sea going cargo vessel had a major problem? Maritime traffic control services on both the Canadian East and West Coasts is pretty competent. Our Pilot system is effective. Our Tug system is excellent.
Given the way Anderson engorges himself in ill bagat words, it is clear that humans should just sit on a hill and vegetate. That will not happen. The good news is that any worry about scraping bottom will be nullified by the rising seas caused by global warming.
This is NOT an issue.
G West
1 year ago
?????
"...ill bagat words..."
Please, sdgreen, what the hell are you talking about?
Bobby Peru
1 year ago
Yet more poor journalism
You mean it took you that long to get around to writing and researching this feature? The only real danger to tankers in our harbour are enviro terrorists who race their zodiacs in front of them.
But seriously, there is nothing new in this article and all of those maintenance concerns are being addressed by the tanker operators. Moreover, dangerous chemicals have been shipped through Vancouver's harbour for many years without any major problems.
Mayor Robertson demonstrates his ability to wade into the intellectual shallows again by sticking his nose into an issue that is out of his domain. But, then this clown has always been about symbolism not substance.
I know many of Vancouver's so called progressives would love to stop any activity that resembles politically incorrect pollution. But the fact is that nothing is 100% safe. That is an unreasonable standard given that Vancouver can't opt out from being part of the world economy. If the enviro nuts in Vancouver had their way all of us would be staring at trees and watching birds crap on rocks while doing nothing that pollutes. That would leave us with no jobs and fun.
athel1
1 year ago
B.C.Coast tanker safety.
50+ years ago I had some watch-keeping experience on foreign-going tankers and B.C.Coast passenger vessels and freighters. It is from the advantage of that experience that I state categorically that a major oil-shipping accident is inevitable inside Vancouver harbour; and equally inevitable in Douglas Channel on the North Coast. I regret...no, I am ashamed...that so few knowledgeable seamen, men with lifetimes of their own experience on the Coast, have opposed the Douglas Channel proposal, and that almost none have ventured any expression of concern about tanker traffic inside the harbour.
G West
1 year ago
@Bobby Peru
Please, some clarity.
What exactly is 'politically incorrect pollution'?
BTW, seems to me we've sold most of the jobs down the river already - what are you doing for fun anyway?
@athel1
The sad thing is that most of the people making these decisions know more about their own back yard than they do about either the harbour or the Inside Passage. They know the price of everything, but the value of nothing.
snert
1 year ago
G West
So just who establishes the value of everything, you?
doggone
1 year ago
I would rather run a boat
Down the "Inside passage" than pull out of Second narrows. I would NOT want to be freighting pollutants of any kind on either of these passages.
The company that gets in trouble seems to lay blame on the master of the ship when things go wrong or in inside waters the pilot.
Or anyone - who cares?
The folks who bought "sea view" in Vancouver will care in the event.
The rest of us will be slopping around picking up oil sludge