Opinion

The Tanker Threat to Georgia Strait and Vancouver

Why are we risking all to promote addiction to tar sands oil?

By Rafe Mair, 21 Jun 2010, TheTyee.ca

Satellite image of Georgia Strait

Major spill would devastate a marine ecosystem.

Related

Last Wednesday I put the finishing touch on this column, then zounds! as I was quickly making my way through Thursday's Vancouver Province, there was an article by local oceanographer Peter Baker on the risks of rising oil tanker traffic, with bigger ships, out of Vancouver. The same day I found a similarly themed article here in The Tyee by Mitchell Anderson, building on his reporting of the previous week.

I've known plagiarism before -- indeed have indulged in myself -- but here are two guys who read my mind! In all seriousness I suggest you read the columns by Baker and Anderson.

Let me start with a truism. Governments and industry lie through their teeth. In fact, they've done it and got away with it for so long that it's second nature. When the object of your existence is to get re-elected, the truth is not even considered. Governments want votes so they will say or fail to say what works; corporations want profits and employ high-priced public relations companies to sugar-coat every utterance.

With that in mind, let's deal with the shipping of sludge from the tar sands through B.C. waters for tanker transport abroad. In doing that, remember that nothing said by the Campbell government or industry can be trusted.

A couple of days ago, I saw an old ad for Camel cigarettes where a dignified chap, looking for all the world like kindly Doctor Brown, is saying, "More doctors smoke Camels than any other cigarette." Does anyone doubt that if permitted to do so, the RJR Nabisco would run that ad today?

Oil companies have a long connection with ads showing fish in babbling brooks unfazed by oil companies' activity. You can go back decades and read millions of words about oil companies with not one syllable setting out the risks they cause. Need I say more than "British Petroleum" or "Exxon" to make the point that for all their experience, oil companies err and when they do the results are catastrophic?

Tankers on steroids

The oil industry, the pipeline industry and the governments of B.C. and Canada come together to take the muck out of the Tar Sands and send it by pipeline to be shipped by tanker overseas. What you should know is that it's already being shipped overseas by two large tankers per week, to be raised to daily, from near Port Moody, where the Kinder Morgan pipeline terminates.

We're talking about two types of tanker. One, Panamax, carries 500,000 bbls. It's 229 metres long and 32 metres wide.

The second, called Aframax, has a capacity of 700,000 bbls and is 243 metres long and 42 metres wide.

When the enterprise is in full operation 700,000 bbls a day will be shipped.

In order for these tankers to proceed from the pipeline out of the harbor they must pass under the Second Narrows railway bridge which, as any who have sailed will know, has a vicious tide. The gap between the two supporting pillars depending on the tide (the pillars taper outwards the further down you go) is 500 feet or about 150 metres. A little 'rithmetic, carry the one, and you have about the width of the tanker between the hull and the bridge on each side.

The port authorities say that tankers will have one tug on either side which, they say, makes the risk minimal.

Let's pause here. What's a minimal risk? It's a question that must be posed in light of the fact that a serious accident would have monumental consequences.

Russian roulette

This takes me back to the Kemano II project, in which Alcan and the federal government said that the risk to fish from taking more than 90 per cent of the river out was an "acceptable risk" to migrating salmon. The fact is that if you continually take a chance without any time limit, it's no longer a risk but a certainty waiting to happen. If you have a revolver with 100 chambers and one bullet and you hold it to your head, you can assess the risk, but if you say you're going to keep pulling the trigger forever, it's no longer a risk but a certainty, and that certainty could happen just as easily on the first pull as the two-thousandth.

But the problem doesn't end there, because you must also assess the result when the gun goes off. If it just knocks you unconscious for a few minutes, that's a very different thing than having your brains blown out. Would anyone play Russian roulette even if there were 20,000 chambers, meaning the odds against blowing your brains out were long? The same question applies to tanker traffic.

Now the really bad part. We're not talking of refined product here; we're not even talking about crude oil; we're talking the sludge, the sandy, oily mess that's coming out of the tar sands.

The consequences of a catastrophe would be enormous. The Vancouver harbour would be closed indefinitely -- that's the only word one can use, because as demonstrated by the Exxon Valdez and British Petroleum, you simply don't know until you try to clean it up.

Moreover, even if the ships all get out of Vancouver, the consequences of a disaster from there until they hit the high seas after traversing Juan De Fuca are incalculable. The spillage would be aggravated by the large tides, which move four times a day, and by the wind with the effect of the Fraser River added to it. The entire Georgia Strait, including Vancouver, are at risk, and the results could well move out of the Strait to northern communities.

Assuming that the accident happened out of Kitimat, the on-going and all but indeterminable consequences could well go all the way from Alaska to Northern California. That's a discussion for another day, only because the pipeline has yet to be built to Kitimat while it already exists in Vancouver.

Unstick ourselves from tar sands

Why would we accept any risk at all with the consequences so alarming? Why, especially, if all the rewards are going to offshore companies and nations?

Permit me a little silly question -- why are we doing anything in the tar sands? Aren't we supposed to be weaning ourselves off fossil fuels? Isn't it fair to say that the longer we postpone this weaning process, the higher escalating costs of oil will go and the more it will cost us to come up with sufficient alternative energy?

We must not only stop an increase in tanker traffic, we must stop what we're doing immediately and ban all tanker traffic out of B.C. ports.

Congrats to Alexandra Morton

Last Wednesday I was at Simon Fraser University to see Alexandra Morton get a Doctor of Science honoris causa; for the many there who know what a contribution she has made there was nary a dry eye. I'm sure all of you join me in giving the heartiest congratulations to Alex, and to SFU who, as they do so often, demonstrated that they don't care a fig for what is or isn't politically correct. Similar congratulations to Gordon Gibson who was honoured last Thursday.

As Alex received her honour, I couldn't help musing that we are a strange country that would give Brian Mulroney an Order of Canada and threaten Alexandra Morton with prison.  [Tyee]

31  Comments:

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  • alive

    1 year ago

    Guess who is calling the kettle black?

    "Governments and industry lie through their teeth."
    Yeah, you should know about that having been actively involved through some of the worst governments BC has ever seen.

  • mariner

    1 year ago

    Oh Canada !

    A very interesting article. As you have said, it has been a popular topic for some time and has a lot of opposition.

    Your comment on Brian Mulrooney and Alexandra Morton is soooo very true.

    Here in BC we have a premier that is everything you want your child not to be - liar, dishonest, deceitful, barely manages to keep himself out of prison - SO FAR,THOUGH THE BC RAIL CORRUPTION TRIAL MAY CHANGE THAT.

    The premier of this province seems to have recklessness about his projects that put both people and property at risk. This Gordon (screw everyone) Campbell is in the pay of big business and cares not a wit about the trouble, pain and destruction his dangerous ideological vison of the province, causes. The oil sand and tanker shipping through Vancouver and Kitimat means big dollars for Campbell via average taxpayer - next to nothing from big businesses who pay no taxes.

    The whole process is obscene and these large companies promote it for gain.

    The Conservative vision for Canada as Steven Harper and Gordon Campbell would like to see it is not what I want to be part of. Yes, I have to use a motor vehicle to get around - there is no public transport system where I live. Little will being done by conservative governments as they get huge amounts of tax from the sale of oil products and of course, there is the carbon tax - another Gordon Campbell "screw everyone" move. Public pressure may be the answer - who knows.

    Maybe one day we will have a government that cares about things other than themselves, maybe.

    Thank you

  • Ramona777

    1 year ago

    Weaning ourselves off fossil fuels? What a joke Rafe.

    We're addicted to a fossil fuelled life. The latest vehicle-sale stats for Canada show that the sale of big trucks, i.e. 4 by 4s rose, outpacing cars. What does that mean.
    Travel through Bear Mountain in Langford. BIg houses. Nary a clothelines in sight. Hot tubs, Commuters. None of it sustainable but symtomatic of a society that refuses to give up what it considers necessities.
    I interviewed a woman last week and she said on her street of 14 homes no one bothers to have a clothesline or garden, both easy actions that would go a long way in conservation.

  • Illahie

    1 year ago

    Without Oil we would be still in the Stone Age

    Oil provides the energy to do useful work. Our civilization depends on it. Without oil, Rafe would be a hunter-gatherer in the jungle instead of a journalist.

  • blackie

    1 year ago

    Rafe wakes up

    The tanker traffic you're complaining about has been going on for 50 years, with those ships routinely transiting the Second Narrows. What took you so long?

    And the terminal is in Burnaby, not Port Moody. That kind of fumble tends to hurt your credibility for the rest of the piece. KM won't bump the pipeline capacity to 700,000 bbls/day until they get customers signed up -- which they so far haven't done.

    And given that some of the crude goes to Washington through a pipe, some of it goes to Chevron, and the pipeline also ships refined products -- your simple arithmetic "tanker a day" forecast won't happen even if they do bump it up to 700,000 bbls/day. (right now its 300,000/day). Those max capacity numbers do not represent the volumes that leave on a ship.

    Tell you what. Post a picture of your car up on blocks, and your "stop doing it" mantra gains some weight. Otherwise, it's rank hypocrisy.

  • jimmy_laroux

    1 year ago

    Max, not mex.

    Quote:
    We're talking about two types of tanker. One, Panamex, carries 500,000 bbls. It's 229 metres long and 32 metres wide... The second, called Aframex, has a capacity of 700,000 bbls and is 243 metres long and 42 metres wide.

    It's Aframax and Panamax. And they do not have specific lengths, rather these clasifications represent maximum dimensions. In the case of the Panamax, the maximum length, breadth, and draft of a vessel that can safely navigate the Panama Canal.

  • jimmy_laroux

    1 year ago

    @ blackie

    Quote:
    Post a picture of your car up on blocks, and your "stop doing it" mantra gains some weight. Otherwise, it's rank hypocrisy.

    How is it hypocritical for him to call for a ban on oil exported from BC ports? Is the car in Asia?

  • Skywalker

    1 year ago

    It isn't just about oil ...

    ...it is about the risk in the exporting of it. If it was about Canadian use or our dependence on the automobile that would be one thing and I might pay some attention to comments from Illahie and Ramona. Rafe is right. This is about the risks just to make corporations rich. Those who want to sell their sludge to other countries for the big profits they can make are putting our coast at risk. The analogy of Russian roulette with 2000 chambers is dead one. Way to go Rafe.

  • Fiat lux

    1 year ago

    It isn't only governments

    It isn't only governments and industry who are lying but the universities that give them the ammunition.

    It also happens all the time, when somebody dares to question the idiocies that pass for economics these days, the faithful immediately come back with the "stone axe hunter gatherer" nonsense.

    Some of us have lived long enough, to have seen highly developed economies and civilizations, with hardly any cancers and diabetes, without the present criminal idiocies, called "globalization" and "free trade" forced on humanity.

    The secret is locally based, self sufficient economies, eliminating unnecessary commuting, with resources and goods made locally and not transported around the world.

    Another thing, the artificially induced travel hysteria with 90% of the airliners should be grounded and broken up, together with the military hardware.

    I can remember Vancouver airport with a few daily flights, now averaging 700/day, with 16 million yearly passengers. I haven't flown since 1968 and haven't missed a thing.

    We lived, worked for decent wages and were happy .

    Also, why are these B 52 murder machine flights necessary over our heads all the time, day and night ?

    Ed Deak.

  • Chris Keam

    1 year ago

    Oil Dependency

    "Oil provides the energy to do useful work. Our civilization depends on it. Without oil, Rafe would be a hunter-gatherer in the jungle instead of a journalist."

    Arguably it was wind and water power allowing for the milling of grain that really kick started our civilization. We were also utilizing an number of other fuels for heat and energy for centuries after hunting and gathering was abandoned by agricultural societies. Of course, it's true that fossil fuels are a very valuable resource. Unfortunately, that just highlights the idiocy of burning it so profligately when smarter choices should rule the day.

  • warbler

    1 year ago

    In Rafe's defence...

    To user alive: Who better to know that politicians routinely lie than a former, recovering politician? I'd take Rafe's opinion over yours any day of the week, precisely because he's been there and you haven't.

    To user Illahie, who utters the standard issue big oil PR line: "Without Oil we would be still in the Stone Age." Right, and it's going to be oil that puts us right back to that stone age, you and your SUV included, bub. The point of the exercise here is not to set up faulty either/or dilemmas. Rafe is not suggesting we quit oil cold turkey tomorrow. He and others are generally saying we need more alternatives. We need to prepare for peak oil (which some scientists argue is already upon us). We need fuel/energy sources that won't put us at such massive environmental risk (I wonder if BP's cost-benefit analysis studies took into account the current nightmare scenario playing out in the Gulf?) -- to the point that we are shipping toxic sludge via Vancouver harbour to feed our addiction. The only thing stone age in all of this is the mentality that got us to this point in the first place.

    Good article Rafe, but something tells me that that good folks in Fort McMurray, Shell or the new energy minister here in BC ain't listening.

  • David Beers

    1 year ago

    Administrator

    jimy laroux, thanks for the typos caught

    we'll change them. we do rely on our astute Tyee readers to flag our occasional misprints, and appreciate the catches!

  • Conductor274

    1 year ago

    justifying use of oil

    It amazed me the other day when I was watching a US news channel covering the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Filmed on one of the beaches in Louisiana there were people saying they did not want any restrictions put on deep water drilling for oil. The reason given was they need the jobs. It didn't seem to register on them that they were looking at the possible destruction of the entire gulf. BP now says as much as 100,000 barrels of oil are gushing into the gulf every day but somehow money and jobs took priority over the loss of their environment.

    Is it really going to take a gigantic oil spill in Burrard Inlet or along our western coast before we insist on protecting our environment? Are we willing to say good bye to Stanley Park?

    The tar sands in Alberta are one of the largest environmental disasters in the world and the effects of shipping that crude oil mud has the potential to cause even more harm than the oil in the gulf.

    The comments aimed at Rife Mair are nothing more than an attempt to shoot the messenger. Once an oil spill happens it won't matter what political stripe you subscribe to, it will affect us all equally.

  • blackie

    1 year ago

    Iggy to the rescue

    Iggy just gave Kinder Morgan's aspirations a tremendous boost by announcing a Liberal policy to ban oil tankers on the north coast. Of course he isn't government and likely never will be -- but if I were a prospective Asian crude buyer I think I'd be making some phone calls to Kinder Morgan at this point.

  • harriethedgehog

    1 year ago

    Are we crazy?

    Why would we allow larger tankers that put our harbour and coast at risk to profit the owners invested in the Alberta tar sands? Is the benefit to BC businesses and BC workers worth the risk? Somehow I do not think so. We have a Federal moratorium on drilling off our coast for good reason, it is not worth the risk to our waters. The Provincial Liberals are trying to get this moratorium lifted and are allowing drilling in South Eastern BC against the wishes of local residents.

  • sunshine coast girl

    1 year ago

    No to any tankers

    through Georgia Straight!

  • samuidave (not verified)

    1 year ago

    Even if there was a tanker spill in

    the Port of Vancouver, we needn't worry. I am quite certain the government will have us all out there soaking it up with paper dollars.

    Having been called a radical, socialist peacenik for thinking the national wisdom is a 'brick short of a load', I am beginning to wonder if I have it all wrong. Maybe it's people like 'us', who continue talking about the same sorts of things over and over when nobody is listening, who are truly mad.

  • North of Hope

    1 year ago

    Part II - "Even if there was a tanker spill in...

    the Port of Vancouver, we needn't worry. I am quite certain the government will have us all out there soaking it up with paper dollars."

    Actually we could use newspapers from CanWest. There is a lot more of them around doing nothing than paper dollars.

  • Birch

    1 year ago

    Enbridge, Trans-Canada, Kinder Morgan, etc.

    The CEO of Enbridge recently expressed full confidence that the Gateway project from the Tar Sands to Kitimat, shipping oil thence to Asia by supertanker, would be approved and will go ahead. Surely his ace in the hole (aside from a supportive prime minister doughhead) is the fact that people in Vancouver will become more and more anxious about oil shipping out through Vancouver Harbour!

    Vancouver has the population and the votes. We in the North have orcas, salmon, oolichan, and some of the most spectacular wilderness in the world. We don't want Gateway.

    If Vancouverites actually come alive and fight oil transit out of the harbour there, will you please be good enough to support our fight against Enbridge here?

    (By the way, good news from the Federal Liberal Party today on a tanker moratorium...)

    As for our oil-addicted lives, yes, we're in a box. But if anyone prefers freedom to drive over containing climate change, unlimited plasticization of the planet over drowning Richmond a few decades down the road, he's an idiot.

    Check Bill Rees's presentation on .

  • waterrat1

    1 year ago

    Tankers on the Coast

    I'm curious as to why there is no mention of the proposed tanker facility on the South Arm of the Fraser River where the plan is to transport jet fuel all the way across Richmond to the airport. Holding tanks on the river's edge are also proposed - this has now gone to the provincial government for approval. For those who don't know the area, the pipeline to the airport from the south arm will travel through farmland and residential areas - not to mention that the proposed facility would be right across the road from the large sports complex with the rinks, theatres and Watermania; directly across the river from Deas Park and in an active commercial fishing area which also has endangered wildlife species.

    Despite the fact that Richmond City Council voted against such a project, they apparently have no control over the Port Authority who owns the land.

    Rafe and Tyee, plase take this one on, too.

  • The Blackbird

    1 year ago

    Why?

    Because the big banks have invested heavily in the oil and automotive industries and it is the big banks to whom we are all beholden, thanks to mismanagement - a euphemism considering the corruption we observe - by our elected officials of wealth we generate.

    The banks are rich enough. Cancel all debt. Start from zero.

    G8 nightmare on tap. Bottom's up!

  • Rex Weyler

    1 year ago

    Crude oil not for 50 years.

    "Blackie" above either blunders or willingly deceives. "The tanker traffic you're complaining about has been going on for 50 years..."

    Wrong: The crude oil traffic is new since 2007, the size of tankers is new, and the frequency unprecedented.

    There is a big difference between the oil barges that ship refined gasoline products to BC communities (a long BC tradition) and crude oil tankers that ship tar sands sludge to refineries in California, China, and elsewhere.

    So Rafe is correct. This is a big change and a big deal. A spill of refined gasoline is not great for the marine environment, but the gasoline will evaporate relatively quickly. Crude oil is a different matter by several orders of magnitude. A spill of crude oil in Burrard Inlet or Georgia Strait would shut down our harbour, devastate our marine environment, close our fisheries, and shred our coastal economy.

    We have not been shipping large tankers of crude oil for 50 years. More like 3 years. In 2005, Kinder-Morgan (ex-Enron billionaires) bought Terasen Pipelines and received National Energy Board approval to expand the Trans Mountain pipeline capacity. Thus began the plan to turn Vancouver into an oil port for tar sands crude.

    Three years ago, China and Canada began "testing" the feasibility of shipping crude oil to China from Vancouver. Since then the large crude oil tanker traffic has increase from zero to about 2 tankers per week.

    Kinder-Morgan wants to expand this to 10 tankers per week.

    Rafe was correct. This is a new threat to our coast.

    There is a group in B.C. working to stop this insane practice. See: www.notanks.org.

    Rex Weyler

  • Jeffrey J.

    1 year ago

    Rafe Breath of Fresh Air

    Rafe always delivers the goods: speaking plainly is a skill long gone with our political and economic elites. Against their carefully scripted bafflegab, spin and mis-truths, Rafe aims for plain speaking and plain talking. Speaking plainly will always be available to citizens and authors alike. It just takes courage. We're fortunate to have so many writers in the Tyee who have this increasingly rare trait.

    God save us from the oil industry! Indeed, it may be the death of us all.

  • Jeffrey J.

    1 year ago

    Rex Weyler

    What he said.

  • blackie

    1 year ago

    revisionist history

    ResWyler says: "Blackie" above either blunders or willingly deceives.

    Where you got the idea that the oil export traffic from Westridge started in 2007 is beyond me. I know there was one year when the volume was zero -- maybe that was 2006? But there have been oil shipments in varying amounts through the Second Narrows for 50 years. If you don't believe me, find something that refutes that and I'll revise my thinking.

    Yes, the ships are getting bigger. Yes, there are more of them -- there's no news in that. The ships may get bigger still -- the port is looking at what needs to be done to allow a Suezmax-sized ship through the Second Narrows. Suezmax hold a million barrels of oil.
    Now that Iggy has doused the Kitimat plan with cold water, I expect the push for more ships through Vancouver will accelerate.

    China has taken tests shipments, and will surely take more. But most of that oil still goes to California. Some even goes through the Panama Canal to the Gulf ports. KM has already said publicly that if the China trade is to grow, they'll need bigger ships. They will also consider a new loading terminal near Roberts Bank to keep those bigger ships out of the inner harbour.

    Rex says: Rafe was correct. This is a new threat to our coast."

    Rafe is wrong. The threat has been there for decades. Your only quibble on this is size -- but Aframax and Panamax vessels have been coming to Westridge for many years. And while they are bigger than some of the 50s style tankers that plied the waters, they're also a lot safer.

  • John Hunter

    1 year ago

    Rafe Mair artilce on oil tanker threat in BC

    I seldom read Rafe Mair because, in my opinion, his articles are so one-sided and riddled with factual errors. Examples in this article: "vicious tide" under the Second Narrows being dangerous to tankers. Rafe, we have something called tide and current tables, and can time our travels for slack water - all sailors know this. And the tankers have tugs. "Shipment of sludge from the tar sands" via the pipeline from Alberta to Burnaby and the USA. Bitumen is not shipped; it's conventional crude, synthetics, and petroleum products. "Ban all tanker traffic out of BC ports". Good plan Rafe - how do you think many coastal ports and 100% of Vancouver Island get their liquid fuels - large pushed barge type tankers! And are you going to provide jobs for the hundreds of people employed at Ports Vancouver, the Burnaby Terminals, the ships, the pipeline from Alberta, and indirect and induced jobs if they shut this down?

  • RickW

    1 year ago

    Birch

    Quote:
    (By the way, good news from the Federal Liberal Party today on a tanker moratorium...)

    Don't forget Rafe's dictum that politicians lie, then lie again..............

  • G West

    1 year ago

    JOBS, and jobs @ John Hunter

    I guess it all kinds of depends upon what kind of 'ecosystem' you're interested in protecting:

    http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/jun/21/oil-bp-oil-spill

    Personally, like the jobs that were 'saved' by permitting the destruction of the cod fishery on the Grand Banks, I think I'd rather just pay the folks you seem so concerned about to stay home and twiddle their thumbs....Let's use the oil we produce here in Canada - hope like hell we don't have many more disasters like the one a couple of years ago with Chevron's pipeline on Burnaby mountain (or worse) and let the Chinese export market look after itself.

    I do hope and certainly expect that you've been out on the streets demonstrating against the export of jobs with our raw logs. And jobs to Maximus and Accenture too. Fair's fari, after all.

  • G West

    1 year ago

    erratum

    that's 'fair's fair' of course.

  • John Hunter

    1 year ago

    Tankers in Vancouver Harbour

    Rex is entirely wrong about tankers in Vancouver being new - Blackie has it right. TMPL (Trans Mountain Pipeline) was completed in 1953, their docks about a year later, and tankers started exporting crude about 1955 and continue today. Rafe or Rex could have confirmed this anytime with Ports Vancouver or Kinder Morgan. I can see the crude tankers from my North Vancouver house and have since I moved here in 1994.

    In addition, tankers IMPORTED crude to the Burrard Inlet refineries (were 4, one remains; I worked at the Imperial one in the 1970s) from about 1915 until TMPL was completed and we could access Alberta crude. Oil tankers have therefore used Vancouver Harbour for nearly a century without serious incident. Go to the Port Moody museum to see the 100 years history of Imperial tankers on the BC coast.

    G West, overfishing destroyed the cod fishery, not oil and gas or tankers. Offshore oil and gas was the saviour of NL's economy. How do they get that oil ashore from the offshore fields to the terminal and then export it - yes, tankers! How does crude oil get to the Montreal and Halifax refineries - yes, tankers. So why does Iggy want to shut down only BC projects? How do chemicals and petroleum products move around the Great Lakes - you guessed it - and that is the drinking water for Ontario and several states!

  • G West

    1 year ago

    Not really...I was addressing your point about jobs - remember?

    Arrogance, greed and negligent fisheries management destroyed the cod fishery on the Grand Banks.

    It had been sustainable for centuries until the factory trawlers and draggers of the last half of the 20th century.

    My remarks were meant to address your, in my opinion facile claim, that jobs are a sufficient reason to risk the ruin of any ecology. I would have thought that was obvious from the context.

    The collapse of cod fishery sounded a warning bell to governments around the world who were shocked that a relatively sophisticated, supposedly scientifically-based fisheries management program could have gone so wrong. The Canadian government was warned by scientists and environmentalists that the cod stocks were overexploited and that the fleets of Canadian ships (not to mention other fleets) were utilizing destructive fishing practices. The governments of the time - in Newfoundland and Ottawa refused to significantly reduce quotas citing the loss of jobs as too great a concern. The cost of their short term thinking and refusal to acknowledge ecological limits was devastating. That was the point in your words to which I was primarily addressing my thoughts.

    I feel, and I expect, given the irresponsibility and greed of the current governments in BC and Ottawa (not to forget Alberta of course), that - unless there is a change with respect to the way tar sands oil is being handled and managed that we will end up in equally dire straits on this coast.

    By the way, there used to be 4 refineries on the lower mainland - there now is one and we could get along just fine without that one.

    I recognize that pipelines are probably not going to disappear as a means of supplying the local market - or even the American market...but that is no reason to jeopardize the coast with increased tanker traffic of ANY KIND.

    I've worked up the coast as well and I know how supplies get in and out of many locales.

    The tiny size of the petroleum shipments on barge and tanker mean that, even if there were an accident, it would not be devastating. Suggesting that is the same thing as bringing tankers of the size of the Exxon Valdez into this harbour on a regular basis (or up the inside passage) is a horse of an entirely different colour.

    Furthermore, even if I were inclined to support your reasoning I would only do it in an atmosphere of strict government regulation and (as is the case in Norway) government ownership.

    The kind of thing we've seen from Kinder Morgan, Enbridge and BP is all the proof one needs.

    As for your point about refinery locations and routes used by pipelines to deliver petroleum stocks - I don't disagree - we should have a National Energy Program in this country to ensure we meet our needs, safely, without endangering ANY local ecologies - here, in central Canada, or in the East.

    Simply suggesting that because something has been done in the past is a valid reason to continue doing it is silly.

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