Opinion

Temps Are Down, So What's Up with Global Warming?

Why one chilly summer does not a global cooling make.

By Chris Wood, 9 Sep 2008, TheTyee.ca

Vancouver with rain clouds

A too typical summer day this year in BC.

Does it feel like it's been a crummy summer to you?

Here on Vancouver Island, the summer of '08 stayed in the wings through most of June, showed its smile briefly in July, then stepped back behind chilly curtains of cloud and rain again through most of August.

We're not alone. Alaska is on track to shiver through the fewest summer days with temperatures above 65 F (18.3 C) on record. The U.S. Midwest experienced its latest snow on record this spring, one cause of those big summer floods. And maybe you remember our own snow last winter, not to mention the roofs buckling under the drifts in Quebec.

Brace yourself for a fresh round of nay-saying about "so-called global warming," and accusations of "hysteria" directed at those who forecast dramatic climate change in our near future. These sprout like mushrooms every time some weather headline plays against the stereotype of a planet getting steadily warmer and drier.

And it's true that 2008 has been a colder-than-we're-used-to (lately) year for North America. In fact, there is a good chance that the next few years will be much like it. But it's not because the laws of thermodynamics have suddenly changed.

One cold, wet summer -- or even several in a row -- does not mean global cooling has begun. Deluding ourselves into thinking it has would be dangerous indeed. Especially so on the eve of an election that may turn on Canada's climate strategy.

The ocean as bathtub

The reason we so easily fall for these kinds of delusions, and why willfully short-sighted pundits persist in exploiting them, is that they confuse a few days, or weeks or even months in one place on earth, for the fluid continuum of swirling air and water that constitutes our planet's atmospheric and ocean system.

Put simply: the planet may be colder for the moment here, but it is certain to be warmer somewhere else.

Short-sighted climate ostriches have reported that according to the U.S. National Climate Data Center, global average temperatures dipped between 1998 and 2005. Fox News took pleasure earlier this year in noting that four teams tracking global surface temperatures had noticed a drop "large enough to erase nearly all the global warming recorded over the past 100 years."

What such reports overlook is that global surface temperature estimates are based overwhelmingly on observations of air temperature. As a matter of physics, the atmosphere holds relatively little of the extra heat building up inside Earth's greenhouse-gas shell.

Most of that heat is being absorbed into the oceans (accounting, incidentally, for about half the rise in ocean levels worldwide, as warmer water molecules expand). But science has relatively few tools for measuring ocean temperature, or factoring the heat stored there the average global temperature.

The oceans themselves are big places, and not uniform. Sometimes warmer water sits on top of a cooler mass (a description of the El Niño phenomenon in the eastern Pacific). Sometimes colder water covers the surface (La Niña). Whichever one is uppermost has much more impact on the easily influenced surface air temperature and current weather over the continents, than does the heat absorbed and temporarily locked away in submerged ocean layers.

Niño and Niña, troublesome twins

That's what's happening now. Early 2008 experienced a sharp, cold La Niña. The chilly, wet northern non-summer we've experienced since then was fully foreseeable and foreseen as a consequence.

The Niño twins alternate over periods of three to eight years. Other more mysterious cycles run over much longer periods. But the two most important of these, as it happens, seem to be flipping from warm states to cooler ones.

Two or three times a century, a vast swirling lagoon of slightly warmer water forms in the western Pacific and over two or three decades drift up past Alaska and dissipates west of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Just such a cycle (known as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation) ended a couple of years ago, leaving cooler water exposed and chilling the air over millions of square miles of ocean. The same air that will follow the prevailing winds to the B.C. coast.

In the Atlantic meanwhile, the northernmost loop of a much larger current that swings across both oceans similarly surges and weakens over periods of decades. When the current runs faster, temps across eastern North America and Europe rise for years on end. But the current has been weakening, and some scientists think the so-called Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation may be poised to slip into its slower "negative" state -- bringing temps down again for a few years.

If that happens, and the rapid warming of the 1990s and early '00s takes a break for the next few years, it will be easy for North Americans and Europeans to relax their concern, and perhaps even to think that the ostriches may have been right.

When the rubber band snaps back

But the heat is still building up. It may be trapped for the moment, perhaps even for a few years to come, in tropical oceans or deeply submerged layers of the sea. But it is not gone.

Sooner or later, that heat will out. And when it finally does break out into the near-surface atmosphere where weather happens and we live, its effect will be like the elastic we've stretched to the limit and released: too likely to snap us in the eye.

That snapback moment will come, British scientists calculate, around the middle of the coming decade.

What then?

When these huge sea-cycles perform their next oscillation, as they must, and begin to pass all the heat energy that's been stored up temporarily in the deep or tropical oceans through to North America, we will get to experience new categories of extremes at the other end of the scale: exhausting series of droughts and scorching heat-waves.

In the meantime, while we may enjoy a relative cool, in those parts of the world where the heat is building up, it will drive increasingly violent storms (witness, currently, northeast India).

One particularly myopic commentator claimed recently in the right-wing Canadian Free Press that Russia's aggression in Georgia has put a "nail in the coffin of climate change hysteria." The truth is that Georgia, like Iraq and Afghanistan and the other places people are killing each other for political motives, is a sideshow to the only two truly existential threats our civilization faces: the double helix of climate change and ecological overdraft.

The ocean tides may be giving North Americans a break on the symptoms of the first, but it is only a topical and temporary salve. The second threat, our ecological overdraft, is running flat out toward a precipice.

We could use any reprieve on climate change to get serious about our broader overdraft at the bank of nature. We'd then be vastly readier to absorb the next wave of climate change when it comes.

Or, of course, not.

Related Tyee stories:

 [Tyee]

175  Comments:

  • snert

    08-09-2008

    According to my Terasen Account Info

    The high average peak temp and the low average valley have both been sliding downward for the last 4 years. Not that it will make any difference to the climate change alarmists.

  • Dr Alexander

    09-09-2008

    Why one chilly summer does not a global cooling make

    Chris, the plethora of negative characterizations that you make against people who don't share your opinion makes your "semi-scientific" commentary sound childish.

    You don't win any friends by putting them down. It is best to explore the data that makes one think that Global Warming is not occurring or is not a man-made and use reason and logic and other scientific data that can be reasoned to be of greater validity to argue the point that Global Warming is indeed occurring and human activity is the cause of this warming.

    Chris, you don't have to be like Al Gore and hop on a scissor lift and elevate yourself to make a point. Talk to us like human beings and you will find yourself having a conversation instead of talking to a wall.

  • bilbo2

    09-09-2008

    Look at the sunspots, Chris!

    Except, er ... there aren't any.

    Sunspots are a visual indicator of increased solar activity, which results in higher solar irradiance hitting the Earth. There were lots of sunspots over the decades of increased global warming. Now there are none, and things are cooling down. Coincidence?

  • realisticman

    09-09-2008

    Who should take a Valium?

    Chris Wood

    Quote:
    But the heat is still building up. It may be trapped for the moment, perhaps even for a few years to come, in tropical oceans or deeply submerged layers of the sea. But it is not gone.

    So, in this increasingly bi-polar world, the earth is cooling because it's warming.

    OK. Why not call it Global Cooling because it's warming - er, and meanwhile it's cooling. Let me see now, it's warming so it's called warming but in actual fact it's cooling because the warming may be stored up in the deep oceans, so we'll call it Global Warming. That's what the fish call it because it's warmer in the sea. On land it's cooler but later the land will warm up and the sea will cool off. Then we can call it Global Cooling because it will be warmer on the land and the pent-up cooling will be in the sea. This is what we call hot air. Yeah man, that's cool.

  • Stephanie T

    09-09-2008

    The first thing that needs to happen is....

    the commentators who report on this need to refrain from using the term "global warming" and instead use the more easily understood phrase "global climate change". Even though climate change is directly affected by global warming,some people who,for instance, experience below normal temperatures in August will automatically reject the notion of global warming. We must always remember half of the population has an IQ below 100. If we are to succeed in convincing this group of people to lower their carbon footprint, we must frame the debate in language they can easily understand around situations they can easily relate to.

  • Peter Dimitrov

    09-09-2008

    climate change ...impacts.

    as I see it - the scientifically correct term to use is not 'global warming' but climate change ...and climate change occurs unevenly throughout the planet, as the article suggests some regions are cooler, some hotter, uncertainty as to the timing & effects of climate change are pervasive however. Several things are certain, the earth's temperature is rising, polar ice shields are melting, and, in some regions, perhaps ours, there appears to be more 'cloud cover' than usual - blocking out the sun more often, giving us more precipitation. After all the melting ice -as water becomes part of the earth's hydrological cycle, hence more water laden cloud formation....which exacerbates global warming. A more local effect, is the 13 million plus hectares of mountain pine beetle destruction...which most city folk don't see and don't experience as part of their daily lives- that is an astronomic impact judged by many scientists to be caused by global warming. As I see it the root cause of this crisis is capitalism - where the market governs both allocation and distribution - but where the market has no capacity to govern the 'scale' or 'size' of the global/national/provincial/local economy. The global economy grew 18 fold (1800%) from 1990 to 2000, reaching 66 trillion in size. This is unsustainable - yet politicians such as Harper advocate more ..and see economic growth per se, as a good thing.

  • G West

    09-09-2008

  • freebear

    09-09-2008

    Ditto Climate Change not Global Warming

    Yes it confuses the discussion or debate when you use the term `global warming`

    Climate change is more appropriate.

    Really, half the population have an IQ under 100!

    Where did you find that info Stephanie T (sorry my question marks have been replaced by accent é!).

    No wonder we get the election results we do!

    Will it make a difference that a new coalition (which includes 4 former P.M.s and business tycoons, engos) has been formed to advocate for more (re: any) action on climate change.

  • Dr Alexander

    09-09-2008

    No Stephanie T, It's called Global Warming

    The whole argument started off as Global Warming and was pushed as Global Warming. People who are able to think for themselves understand that "overall" the effects of Global Warming would be an increase of average temperatures with localized regions of cooling.

    Reframing the issue as "Climate Change" is either an attempt to talk down to people, or moving the goalposts when the argument supporting the original contention is no longer sustainable.

    With Regards

  • spark.1234

    09-09-2008

    yawn

    Why not do what the world wildlife fund has just done, and blame 'global cooling' on carbon emissions too so you have both bases covered.

    http://sl.farmonline.com.au/news/nationalrural/agribusiness-and-general/general/global-cooling-an-inconvenient-truth/1259974.aspx

    Or perhaps harass the BBC to change a news story that reported that temperatures have not increased since 1998.

    http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7329799.stm

    http://www.dailytech.com/Temperature%2BMonitors%2BReport%2BWorldwide%2BGlobal%2BCooling/article10866.htm?a

    G West, why do you think the ice caps on Mars are melting? If enough corporate owned newspapers and Rockefeller and Carnegie funded environmental agencies repeated the fact that cars are to blame, would you believe it?

    http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/07aug_southpole.htm

    I think a bit more of a plausible arguement is that the massive inferno in the sky that provides our heat has a far larger effect on our global temperature than our human caused emissions. You are aware that if all humans died tomorrow, there would still be 70% of the global carbon emissions from sources such as volcanoes, fires, and the pine beetle? A government study concluded: the pine beetle will cause emissions equivalent to "five times the annual emissions from all the cars, trucks, trains and planes in Canada".

    http://www.propagandamatrix.com/articles/august2008/081408_ice_age.htm

    http://www.dose.ca/news/story.html?id=26eec3e8-7169-47fb-9642-f8ecdb7436f6

    PLEASE TAX ME GORDON AND STEPHEN. I WANT TO BE TAXED.

  • realisticman

    09-09-2008

    spar.1234

    My Dear Mr spark.1234, my name is Stéphane and you have to be voting for me to get yourself taxed because it is very important to remember that if you find yourself voting for Stephen then you will probably find out later that he wants to lower the taxes and that is not good for Quebecers and it's not good too for hall Canadians. So then the answer has to be that you must vote for my party. It is us Liberals that allways have taxed you more just like you are wanting. And we promise you to do it again. That is my promise too.

  • spark.1234

    09-09-2008

    realistic about what?

    Dear Stephane,
    Please see the attached URL. It gives another side to the story. I would argue that if Stephen sees fit to lambast Gordon over the unfair tax, the opposition has every right to do so also.

    http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080909.BCELECTION09/TPStory/Environment

    On another note, I would like to point out that argueing about which party taxes the most is on par with debating about which country in the middle east we should 'free' next. The larger question is whether it should be done at all.

  • G West

    09-09-2008

    Sounds condescending and personal to me

    I wouldn't go there spark.1234

    As for Mars, I don't live there, do you?

    In terms of taxes, I don't agree with Pigovian taxes instead of progressive ones - no matter who is doing the promoting - or the taxing.

  • LeftSeater

    09-09-2008

    desperation in the global warming camp.....

    Here we go again….. the Global Warming doom & gloomers are unleashing a preemptive strike against the great unwashed who dare to challenge their theories, by resorting to caricature bashing and belittling those who don’t agree with their suppositions.

    The original battle cry of “global warming” is turning out to be a misnomer, much to the chagrin of the elitists, so now the new Imperialists are desperately trying to hammer the “global warming” square peg into the round “climate change” hole.

    I suppose one should be thankful the new world order types are only resorting to name calling at this stage and haven’t reached the desperation point where they’ll rally to fulfill one of the global warming guru’s suggestions to toss nonbelievers into the bucket .... especially dem politicos.....

    Methinks the invulnerable green cloak is starting to turn transparent…….

  • spark.1234

    09-09-2008

    apologies

    Sorry G West, that post wasn't intended to be condescending or personal.

    The reference to believing corporate owned newspapers was not directed at you personally, but was rather a jab at the blanket coverage by most media outlets which have numerous private interests.

    Take for instance the 'hockey stick' graph in the Inconvenient Truth that has now been widely discredited and has been quietly dropped by the IPCC. If the blanket coverage concentrated on aspects like this, would public opinion be the same?

  • G West

    09-09-2008

    S'okay

    Actually, here's a recent article that pretty much debunks the bebunkers - maybe you missed it.

    The hockey stick has legs, apparently.

    Sorry to have to mention this:

    http://arstechnica.com/journals/science.ars/2008/09/02/climate-hockey-stick-has-staying-power

    I'm sure you won't mind if I quote a bit of this review article and you can check it out for yourself.

    Quote:
    Somehow, attacking the hockey stick paper became synonymous with attacking climate science's conclusions in general; everything from the statistical analysis used to the peer review involved in its publication became the subject of Congressional debate, with critics apparently hoping that pulling the paper down would pull down all the larger conclusions in the field. But, while the debate raged in Congress and the blogs, the scientific community did what it usually does and moved on, using better methods, more data points, and increasingly sophisticated analysis. By the time the National Research Council responded to a Congressional request to analyze the hockey stick paper in 2006, it was able to conclude that the 1998 paper was largely irrelevant. Many newer reconstructions existed, and most of those showed a hockey stick, as well.

    Seems at least mildly relevant to me.

    By the way, I'm with you on opposing the Campbell Tax and other such 'revenue neutral' con jobs.

  • freebear

    09-09-2008

    Bell Jar

    So climate change is a farce?

    Imagine a bell jar that has an atmosphere and soil and plants to absorb carbon among other things, but the gas cycle is essentially aclosed loop within the bell jar.

    Now introduce bipeds who burn things and harvest plants. Now there is more gas from burning in the bell jar. Sure the bipeds plant trees that absorb the carbon but not at the rate we are buring fuels.

    So there is now more gas in the bell jar, which begins to affect many systems including the climate of the bell jar!

    Go ahead, try it out, live in a bubble and keep burning something - eventually you will succumb to the emmissions!

  • spark.1234

    09-09-2008

    hockey stick

    Thanks for the article G West. I'm always open to alternatives. I'll read the atricle and search high and low for the newer reconstructions which 'mostly' showed the hockey stick as well.

    It highlights a great flaw in the logic of global warming alarmists though. For many, that hockey stick graph in the inconvenient truth was enough for believers to ridicule the people and scientists who questioned its validity. For the time in which it took to come up with new reconstructions, people were very happy to believe Michael Manns graph was true.

    Now with the 'new reconstructions' that the article discusses - it does not quote the pecentage it assigns to 'mostly'. 51% or 99%? But people are happy to suck it up and not read the 1% or 49% of reports that the corporate controlled mainstream media do not spoon feed them.

    Freebear - are you referring to carbon dioxide emissions or noxious gasses? As you may be aware, the industrial revolution may have caused an increase in concentration of carbon diodixe in the atmosphere from 250 ppm to 350ppm over a century. I'm perfectly willing to accept that there are filthy chemicals which offgas from carbon fuels causing harm to humans and plants, but that is entirely different from the contention that carbon is a reason behind 'global warming' aka 'global cooling' aka 'climate change'. Plants and trees thrive on CO2 - that is why many greenhouse owners pump in extra CO2 to help their plants grow faster.

  • BrianWhite

    09-09-2008

    global warming or climate change?

    It is both.
    People note that more clouds caused by global warming reflect sunlight, but forget that they also work at night to keep heat in by reflecting it back to earth!
    Clouds are made up of condensed water vapour. Water vapour is a greenhouse gas too.
    So the little bit of sunlight that gets absorbed by the cloud and turns a bit of cloud to vapour is causing global warming.
    People still argue that man is not causing global warming yet man is the only new force here that is putting fossil carbon into the air.
    Nothing ever did that before except astoroids and volcanoes.
    The most clear proof of global warming is happening is to the north and in the mountains. The icecaps are melting really fast.
    That is undeniable. It takes a lot of heat to turn ice to water and this latent heat of fusion is hiding just how bad global warming really is.
    Once most glaciers in the mountains are gone and the seaice is gone the effects will be way more dramatic as the real speed of global warming becomes aparent.
    People quote the panel on climate change to show that things will not be that bad in a warming world.
    They ignore the fact that the panel was not even allowed to guesstimate sealevel rise due to icecap melting so they LEFT IT OUT ALTOGETHER from their report.
    So the politicians made them ignore one of the most explosive problems that global warming is causing!
    Anyways, it isn't a game.
    But comentators with oil futures in their portfolio insist that it is.

  • rangergord

    09-09-2008

    Global Cooling in Downtown Vancouver

    The picture depicts downtown Vancouver under a black cloud, not summer in BC. It was hotter than hell in many parts of BC, a fact lost on the myopic coast dwellers. If it had been hot and sunny on the coast the global warming fanatics would be all over it as a sign of environmental opocalypse. Global warming is a religion and its adherents believe that if they chant loud and often enough their words will become the truth. Soon economic woes will wash global warming concerns into the toilet as government and corporate mismanagement of the economy causes an implosion that will leave the people struggling for survival.

  • rhjames

    09-09-2008

    Where's the support data

    I find this concept that heat is building waiting to be released a load of nonesense. So where's all this heat being kept? There's no evidence that heat is building in the ocean. Nor is there any evidence to suggest climate change will change the severity of storms - these are driven by temperature differences. Just to get this into perspective, the increase has been 0.7 degC over 160 years, with no increase in the past 10 years. Looking at long term history, there's absolutely nothing unusual about this. I suggest that any predictions should be back up with science.

  • Illahie

    09-09-2008

    Warming of Oceans

    Contrary to popular belief, the oceans are not warming, nor is the sea level rising. The Argo project provides an very detailed data set of ocean temperatures. The data set is freely available on the internet for anyone to see. With approximately 3000 probes throughout the worlds oceans taking
    continuous measurements, we now have a very good understanding of the oceans temperature profile.

    http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/index.html

  • G West

    09-09-2008

    Well, here's the full text pdf of the article referenced above

    http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2008/09/02/0805721105.full.pdf+html

    And here are links to methodology and data details:

    http://www.meteo.psu.edu/~mann/supplements/MultiproxyMeans07/

    The hockey stick is real - the skeptics, led by amateur climate science 'expert' Tim Ball and his gang, may not be real - their conclusions are certainly unjustified as 'real' science.

  • G West

    09-09-2008

    Argo

    A little early to draw any conclusions from the Argo data, don't you think?

    Argo deployments began in 2000 and by November 2007 the array is 100% complete. Today's tally of floats is shown in the figure above. While the Argo array is currently complete at 3000 floats, to be maintained at that level, national commitments need to provide about 800 floats per year (which has occurred for the past three years).

    There is evidence that ocean bottom temperatures do not vary by any significant amount...(again on the basis of very little empirical evidence)

    http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2003/2001JB001695.shtml

  • spark.1234

    09-09-2008

    Interesting

    I can't debate the accuracy of that paper but I'll have a good read, thanks.

    However, none of the graphs appear to go past roughly year 2000, and since then some interesting things happened.

    Most interesting to me in this respect was this piece of data (note: data from 4 sources, including nasa):

    http://www.dailytech.com/Temperature%2BMonitors%2BReport%2BWorldwide%2BGlobal%2BCooling/article10866.htm?a

    A collation of the data from the 4 sources show a huge temperature drop over the past 1.5 years that nearly wipes out all warming of the past 100 years.

    Just so happened to coincide with a reduction in activity from the earths heating device - the sun.

  • Illahie

    09-09-2008

    Argo Data

    Temperature measurements have been taken by Oceanographers for a couple of centuries. Deep water temperature measurements have been difficult to get at depth, because the thermometer is warmed by the water column on the way back to the surface. A deep sea reversing thermometer has traditionally been used to get accurate temperature information.
    The thermometer must equilibrate before the thermometer is tripped, which takes time, and ship time is expensive. The Argo project has
    produced more temperature data points than the entire history of oceanography

  • G West

    09-09-2008

    Since 1999

    Not exactly earth-shattering you'll have to admit.

    In any case, why would very small differences in seawater temperatures be unusual - notionally, that's exactly what one would expect....a contant move toward some kind of long-term equilibrium.

    On the other hand, the accelerated break-up of Artic ice and the increases in observable temperatures in the Arctic over the past 2 - 3 decades are hardly small phenomena.

    Maybe you didn't see this:
    http://thetyee.ca/News/2007/04/12/ArcticMelt/

  • notbeingemployed

    09-09-2008

    Warming?

    Few are questioning Global Warming. But is it caused by humans? I question if our CO2 emissions effect climate in a big way because our releases our puny compared to those released by the oceans and inland lakes.

    Yah, its warming. But the warming started at the turn of the last Ice Age, or about 10,000 years ago. I believe that at some time cooling will begin as we head into another Ice Age.

    Naysayers point to the big snow falls at Whistler the past few years. Actually that is a factor of warming, as the Winter atmosphere becomes more humid.

  • neilsmith

    09-09-2008

    never mind the temperature

    Brian White got it right. We can argue all we like about subtle variations in ocean temperatures and warmer or cooler summers, but the polar ice caps and glaciers are melting at an alarming rate. It takes approx. 80X the energy to melt ice as to raise the temperature of water by 1C. When you turn ice into water the temperature doesn't change you just need alot of energy to change its state. Judging by the rate at which the ice caps are melting we are putting alot of energy in. As the ice caps become non existent temperatures will really start to rise such that even the staunchest denier will have to acknowledge the change. Of course if we wait until we get to that point it will be too late!
    It is a shame we got so hung up with global warming when the problem is really an energy imbalance. The energy that the earth releases is less than the amount received from the sun and released by humans burning fossil fuel and nuclear energy. Until we get this balanced the ice caps will continue to melt and eventually we will get global warming.

  • The discussion for this story is closed. No more comments can be added.