Opinion

Revenge of the Gadgets

ENERGY & EQUITY: The lethal footprint of 'handy' gizmos will stomp us into oblivion.

By Andrew Nikiforuk, 8 Dec 2011, TheTyee.ca

Electronic gadgets

Electricity gobbled by gadgets will triple in two decades.

Related

Christmas has arrived and 'tis the season for gadgets.

Cell phones, iPods, Kindles, laptops, and other digital paraphernalia of every conceivable wattage will soon appear like a carpet of glowing mushrooms under many a tree.

But these inanimate slaves are Trojan horses of the worse kind. For starters these electronic distractions bring more petroleum into every home due to the hellish energy intensity of digital manufacturing.

Second, the irresponsible deployment of mostly useless and infantile devices obviously increases energy demand. And that means only one thing: the destruction of more rural communities with big hydraulic fracturing shale gas plays, mountain top coal removal, transmission lines, nuclear power and industrial wind farms. And the list goes on.

Mythical efficiency

Now, these simple declarations might shock many urban screen addicts or digital gadget hoarders. For years now experts have told geeks, otaku and nerds alike that computers or digital gadgets save energy. Why, they even perform a miraculous number of services on a minuscule amount of electricity.

Technocrats have also convinced many iPod fanciers that the world runs on useless tweets, talking toilets and an endless flow of information as opposed to energy. (The Information Age has definitely made us dumber.)

But the Gadget Era is a high carbon phenomenon all built on the illusion of cheap energy. A proliferation of digital slaves now drives cancerous growth in residential electricity consumption by an average of 3.4 per cent a year.

Incredibly, 15 per cent of all household electricity consumption now goes to TVs, computers, set-top boxes (the gadgets for pay TV industry), X-Boxes and other devices.

According to the International Energy Agency (and its sobering 2009 report "Gadgets and Gigawatts"), the average household now spends more of their electrical budget on TV screens (eight per cent)and computers (four per cent) than they do on clothes washers (one per cent) or dryers (five per cent).

Useless emissions

All of these gadgets from Wiis to digital air fresheners now require 360 medium-sized power plants to perform mostly useless tasks. In turn this power demand generates about 600 megatons of climate changing gases or approximately 30 tar sands projects every year. But it's now possible to play an awesome war game while unwittingly destroying both the ocean and the atmosphere in watt-like increments.

These newfangled digital slaves are also fond of stupendous electrical waste. U.S. consumers alone spend $2-billion a year to maintain power for set-top boxes that are not even being used. That's six power plants just to keep a frigging box blinking just in case a consumer decides to order some moral dreck for his living room.

Nor is energy efficiency the answer, because everyone wants to be cool and buy the most efficient gadget. More than a century ago Stanley Jevons, a rather smart coal economist, warned that the more efficient industrialists made coal-fueled gadgets, the cheaper they would become which, in turn, would ramp up coal consumption.

"It is wholly a confusion of ideas to suppose that the economical use of fuel is equivalent to a diminished consumption. The very contrary is the truth."

Jevons, of course, was right. Even the IEA report found "Jevons's Paradox" at play with electrical gadgets: "While efficiency improvements have been made, savings have been cancelled out by the demand for equipment which provides more functionality, or is larger or more powerful, and therefore uses more electricity."

Gadgetry to triple

But the news gets darker. The IEA expects gadget electrical use to increase three-fold by 2030 and to require an extra 280 gigawatts of generating capacity. That means armies of electronic slaves all made with oil could command the same volume of energy now consumed by all the households in Japan and the United States.

But that's only a small fraction of the "monster energy footprint" of gadgets as Low-Tech Magazine recently described this modern madness. The majority of the energy spending actually occurs during the obscenely high energy processing of these allegedly time-saving inventions.

Take the computer for example. It's not even faintly green. An average manufacturing process uses two kilograms of oil to make one kilogram of widgets. But that's not the ratio for computers. They require 12 kilograms of fuel for every kilogram of computer.

About 80 per cent of the energy a computer gobbles up during its pathetically short lifetime occurs during its construction. Given that these machines don't last longer than three years, the world's 1 billion personal computers might represent one of the world's largest unreported oil spills.

Microchips to run computers make an even wilder energy story. MIT researcher Timothy Gutowski recently compared standard manufacturing methods (molding and casting) with microchips only to find that semiconductor industry requires up to six orders of magnitude more energy than traditional manufacturing. This finicky industry, for example, requires more fans, pumps, water purifiers, chillers, compressors and other energy-vampires than normal manufacturing.

As a result it takes about 800 kilograms of fuel to make one kilogram of microchips. "In other words, there is a disconnect between the scale of the energy and material inputs and the scale of the output; 'macro' amounts of energy are being used to effect micro- and nanoscale processes," wrote Gutowski, a mechanical engineer in a 2010 paper.

In a related 2009 study Gutowski issued a blunt warning: "The seemingly extravagant use of materials and energy resources by many newer manufacturing processes is alarming and needs to be addressed alongside claims of improved sustainability from products manufactured by these means." Amen.

A waste of oil

What this all means is that energy needed to make a small chip to run computer, ebook or camera will likely exceed the energy consumption of the short-lived slave itself. Given the built-in obsolescence of these things, their purchase transforms an average household into the electrical equivalent of a gas guzzling SUV or Hummer. Ray Bradbury, the great sci-fi author, wasn't wrong when he said that e-books had a "smell of burned fuel."

Once upon a time, before the oil age, societies responsibly sent stuff back to be remanufactured and repaired to conserve energy and materials. But the digital revolution has made a mockery of prudence too. Now that rakes, shovels and hammers have been replaced by leaf-blowing slaves, snow-blowing slaves and power tool slaves, their makers encourage consumers to burn them out and send them to the waste heap. (Most 19th century plantation owners, by the way, didn't treat their human slaves much differently either.)

Citizens don't have to be part of this irresponsible network, yet as consumers we often feel obliged to support the technological machine. Fortunately, the movement to purchase goods made by people that are durable, repairable and sharable is alive and growing. In addition many citizens are embracing true emancipation by banishing non-essential digital slaves from the household. Occupying your own home with human values just makes life simpler, cleaner and more beautiful.

Thank you for surrendering

Perhaps every new electronic gadget should come with a basic energy warning: "You have just purchased a throw-away device that will enslave your time, multiply waste, sacrifice beauty and escalate unsustainable energy demand. Thank you for supporting the destruction of rural communities and watersheds so the market can bring you more useless gadgets. The surrender of your autonomy and integrity is greatly appreciated."

Jevons thought the careless consumption of energy and things was a grand moral question, and his 19th century wisdom deserves, perhaps, a place on the fridge or at least a passing thought before the purchase of another gadget:

"To allow commerce to expand until the source of civilization and wealth is exhausted is like killing the goose to get the golden egg. Is the immediate creation of the greatest possible quantity of material wealth to be our only purpose? Have we not hereditary possessions in our just laws, our free and nobly developed constitutions, our rich literature and philosophy, incomparably above material wealth, and which we are beyond all things bound to maintain, improve, and hand down in safety to posterity? And do we accomplish this duty in encouraging a growth of industry which must prove unstable, and perhaps involve all things in its fall?"

Jevons knew the answer to that question. Do gadget buyers?  [Tyee]

32  Comments:

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  • Jeffrey J.

    24 weeks ago

    Brilliant & Original

    Like so much of Nikiforuk's work, this piece is outstanding. Brilliant and original, he brings an entirely new (and surprising) analysis of these massively replicating gremlins.

    One of the most salient observations is this:

    "It is wholly a confusion of ideas to suppose that the economical use of fuel is equivalent to a diminished consumption. The very contrary is the truth."

    "Jevons, of course, was right. Even the IEA report found "Jevons's Paradox" at play with electrical gadgets: "While efficiency improvements have been made, savings have been cancelled out by the demand for equipment which provides more functionality, or is larger or more powerful, and therefore uses more electricity."

    We are in a logic trap (related to the trap of highways: the more we build, the more crowded they become).

    How can we escape this trap? That is our quest.

  • RickW

    24 weeks ago

    We are an energy-based society......

    Without energy to spare, we as a whole would cease to exist in any form that resembles what we know and take for granted.

    How do we square that?

  • Granville

    24 weeks ago

    No, no no, no ,no!

    Yet another doomsayer. Yet another Armageddon. Digital toys will not doom us to oblivion, they are out saviours. Here's how:

    There are seven billion people out there. If we all decided to actually do something, instead of playing video games, there would be one hell of a crowd.

    Video games keep the kids indoors, instead of stomping the environment to death.

    Cell phones keep adults from actually driving across town to talk to one another. Women can chat about this and that as they daub their faces with lipstick and makeup.

    Guys can watch hockey and football gamez instead of slashing one another to death with broken bottles.

    It keeps the kids busy, the women are happy, the cosmetic companies make billions and the breweries sell lots of suds.

    Don't knock the gizmos. They are the only thing standing between us and ourselves. If all the gadgets quit working, it would be instant WWIII in the 'hood.

    The price is a bit more gallium and iridium in the landfill. So the ducks had better watch which worm they eat. Tough luck; Darwin rules!

  • wiley

    24 weeks ago

    micro-world

    Perhaps the biggest tragedy with all these digital toys - kids now grow up indoors in a fake virtual world, in complete isolation from the real, living, natural world. They now spend almost no time getting to know all the plants and animals of the real miraculous and mysterious world they have been convinced to turn their backs on.

  • airwin

    24 weeks ago

    Solution: use your computer longer than three years!

    The article states [computers] "don't last longer than three years". But that is a self-serving computer industry myth propagated to generate sales through unneeded hardware upgrades which is a source of much of the problem the author is (rightly) concerned about.

    In fact, with some minimal care computers tend to have long lifetimes. (I am writing this from a four-year old computer, and I expect it to last another 6 years at least.) Protect your computer's electronics from spikes in the power using a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply). UPS's do add slightly to the energy footprint of computers, but they far more than pay for themselves by prolonging the life of your computer. Take the time to blow dust out of your computer once per year. Getting rid of accumulated dust prolongs the life of your computer by making it much easier for the computer cooling system to do its job. When one component of your computer fails such as a fan or hard drive, replace that component rather than automatically using that component failure as an excuse to replace the whole computer. Use a Linux-based operating system (e.g., Ubuntu, RedHat, or SuSe) that doesn't artificially force hardware upgrades. Don't buy electronic gadgets dedicated to just one purpose. (I agree with the author this is a major issue.) Instead, use your computer's general-purpose capabilities to provide the same functionality. For example, I don't own a PlayStation or Xbox; a TV, or a DVD player. Instead, I play games on my computer, watch TV on my computer (via a TV card), and watch DVD's on my computer as well. Finally, LED's are notorious for their long life so when I recently replaced our 15-year old and 10-year old monitors, I made sure the LCD displays I bought were back-lit using LED's.

  • MC24

    24 weeks ago

    @Granville

    the example you give for digital toys to be our 'saviours sounds a hell of a lot more like doomsday to me.

  • Ed Seedhouse

    24 weeks ago

    The use of meaningless

    The use of meaningless statistics cited to support one's case,as this article does, does not help it's credibility.

    We are in a worldwide depression and overall, people are buying less and paying down debts. When this kind of things happen it is possible to have a percentage rise in one kind of commodity even if the actual numbers are purchased remain the same. If people buy less overall, but they still buy the same amount of electronic toys, the "increase in percent" is meaningless, but the author gives no evidence that this is not so.

  • Ed Seedhouse

    24 weeks ago

    Even if it is so that people

    Even if it is so that people are buying more "electronic gadget", a claim not supported by any figure in the article, and even if their energy and carbon footprints are as bad as claimed, this still does not mean anything unless one compares what is being bought against what is now not being bought, which again the article neglects entirely.

  • Ed Seedhouse

    24 weeks ago

    All in all whether the

    All in all whether the article is right or wrong, it does not meet the journalistic standards that I expect from the Tyee. It should be withdrawn or corrected to include the important information it does not include, but should have.

    Tyee folks, I am very disappointed that you published this article as it is.

    The misuse of misleading statistics I expect from the mainstream press in this province, and they are beyond hope. From the Tyee I expect better and higher standards.

  • alive

    24 weeks ago

    cross pupose

    When computers started to make a breakghrough, the idea was to do away with paper-files!
    LOL
    Now everybody prints any and every scrap of info and stacks them in some cabinet, never to be seen again.

  • VivianLea Doubt

    24 weeks ago

    emancipation

    "...many citizens are embracing true emancipation by banishing non-essential digital slaves from the household."

    This is the crux of what we need to accomplish, for sure. But what about our obscenely large refrigerators in North America? Huge washing machines? I have three pretty important gadgets: a smart phone, a fairly new laptop, a hard drive back up. The range of things these have replaced are fairly astounding, I think - a landline phone, a radio, an alarm clock, a watch, a TV, a DVD player, a stereo amp and CD player. I have digitized my music and old family photos...I guess the point is that the first issue of sustainability, as I see it, is buying less, but I am not sure that equates with giving up the real advantages of some technologies.In any event, we - the consumer - are ultimately responsible for manufacturing processes, so conserving, and repairing, and using products to the end of their lifetimes will have to become second nature.

    A young friend of mine just moved into her own apartment, and she has some gadgets too. But they pale in comparison to what she doesn't have, and what fills every corner of her parent's home.It strikes me that her generation has embraced technology as tools to accomplish things, while other generations still view them as symbols - things to fill up the vast empty spaces inside their hearts, if not homes.

  • Granville

    24 weeks ago

    MC24: The world will not end with a bang, but with a whimper

    More like a few beeps and a lame squeak. Don't bemoan the impact of video games. The world the kids who play them are living in their own world. It is not less real than the unreal world we grew up in.

    The real point is that kids today do suffer from an ailment called "Nature Deficit Disorder", a term coined by Richard Louv in hos book, "Last Child in the Woods". Kids actually spend less than half the time they used to, in the woods or just plain outdoors.

    The problem is real, but the solution could be worse. The electronics industry is one of the very few growth industries today. If we lost that, it would create such a severe depression that no one would be happy.
    The solution to a technological problem is NOT to go backwards, ever. You just can't.

  • Ramona777

    24 weeks ago

    Ed ...

    While I agree that some people who buy gadgets may not be buying other things, as VivianLea points out, isn't the point that we are buying TOOOOO much of many things. Things are not made to last or else, with gadgets, it's a never-ending "upgrade" scenario. That is obscene. We resisted upgrading our 15-year-old iMac until only last month when it kept crashing.
    Unthinking gadget purchasing is a juggernaut that's destroying our planet and making most of us heads-down, screen-obsessed drones.
    My only personal gadget is my laptop which my job demands. I survive very well without a cell phone or e-reader.

  • Ramona777

    24 weeks ago

    Ed ...

    While I agree that some people who buy gadgets may not be buying other things, as VivianLea points out, isn't the point that we are buying TOOOOO much of many things. Things are not made to last or else, with gadgets, it's a never-ending "upgrade" scenario. That is obscene. We resisted upgrading our 15-year-old iMac until only last month when it kept crashing.
    Unthinking gadget purchasing is a juggernaut that's destroying our planet and making most of us heads-down, screen-obsessed drones.
    My only personal gadget is my laptop which my job demands. I survive very well without a cell phone or e-reader.

  • Chris Keam

    24 weeks ago

    one solution iFound

    Like the typographic pun?

    Anyway, I bought a wireless Apple keyboard to use with my (2 yr old) iPhone. It essentially turns my phone into a tiny laptop computer using bluetooth to connect the keyboard to the iPhone. If, like me, you need to send emails, do a little writing, enter data into a spreadsheet etc, I've found this combination pretty darn useful even with an old iPhone (3G) -- although it did require jailbreaking the phone and a bit of fiddling around with apps etc. No such hassles with new models AFAIK. Anyway, if you need to do a bit of work or whatever on the road and have an iPhone, it may well be a great way to avoid having to buy a laptop or netbook, saving you some money and keeping a bit more plastic and alloy out of the landfill.

  • happy

    24 weeks ago

    I blame the Tyee

    Advertising right now on the front page, Buy Shaw Broadband!
    or
    Download Tyee smartphone app!
    (well I gotta blame someone, it can't be MY fault....)

  • worried

    24 weeks ago

    gadgets

    As a school counsellor for the past 30 years I'm dismayed at the amount of time little boys are spending playing Call of Duty, and then in school they're diagnosed with ADD and put on Ritalin. I recently took away the router at home until my son brought his Grade 12 marks up, since he was spending far too much time on Star Craft. He'd been an avid reader until a few years ago when he started playing on line. I've just watched the BC Ministry of Education dump their 90 milliion dollar BCESIS computer program that they insisted every school in B.C. enroll in 4 years ago. It was a dog as any teacher/counsellor who used it, told them. The amount of adults I know who feel such joy at upgrading their expensive phones and boring the rest of us with every new app speaks to this article. so much of this stuff is unnecessary or worse counter productive to realizing our full potential as human beings. Now the studies of how sedentary lives (due to sitting in front of screens for hours each day) are ruining our collective health, are surfacing. I hate the thought of us damming more beautiful wilderness rivers so that more people can be on Facebook, Call of Duty, downloading movies and music etc. Or polluting our environment as they throw away 2 year old electronics to get the "latest". Sigh, yours truly, a discerning Luddite.

  • snert

    24 weeks ago

    Be careful what you wish for, worried.

    http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/potential.png

  • pwlg

    24 weeks ago

    Thanks for doing the hard

    Thanks for doing the hard work Andrew. Going to read this article a few times.

  • Ed Seedhouse

    24 weeks ago

    Ramona777

    "isn't the point that we are buying TOOOOO much of many things."

    Well, actually, the reason we are in a depression right now is largely that people aren't buying enough things to give everyone jobs making those things.

    But yes, I do believe people buy too much of many things, but that is a personal belief, not a fact, unless and until the evidence supports me. The person in question is complaining that we purchase too much of a certain kind thing yet gives no evidence that this is so. Even worse he draws invalid conclusions from an observation that may or may not be significant.

    And his whole argument is based upon it being so. He may be right or he may be wrong, but conclusions drawn from bad arguments or no argument are, as here, likely to be bad ones. And that shouldn't be allowed to happen on the Tyee

  • alive

    24 weeks ago

    Really?

    "the reason we are in a depression right now is largely that people aren't buying enough things to give everyone jobs making those things".

    To put this in perspective we should all go buy a new Hummer and a few computers?

    How about we just realize that the age of mechanization was supposed to relieve people from working at tedious jobs, and that in turn should allow us all to have shorter working weeks, still producing what we need!

    Of course the owners of those factories never passed on the savings, and so the unemployed stood in line begging for any job at any price.

    Our glorious media blames it all on greedy unions, but the media is owned by the same elite as the factory owners belong to --- so what do we expect?

    All part of the 99% v/s the 1%

  • Granville

    24 weeks ago

    Everyone is right of course

    The gadgets are alienating our kids from nature and the world.
    So what on earth can we do about it?
    Those little widgets are here to stay.
    The key is that only some of the kids are addicted. They are lost.
    Some of them are not.

  • OwlRol

    24 weeks ago

    New and cool, worse than autos

    Bought an Apple IIGs in 1988 (colour Mac graphic interface during DOS days). It lasted through 19 years of heavy use.

    Hope this Mac hand me down lasts half that time. 3 or 4 years is a joke unless you "just got to have the latest bells and whistles". Too slow for those on line games. Don't need or want Call of Duty or such desensitizing violence.

    Perhaps the opposite of competitive capitalism is required, make things more expensive so people take better care of their electronics and demand higher quality of the manufacturers. Ha ha, ain't gonna happen in this culture.

    A hardware designer I know got accolades for new chip designs, but after the company was bought up, the new boss told him to produce, not 2 new chip designs a year but 3 a month. Wonder why things break down so quickly?

    Asked questions from Nokia 6 years ago about this whole issue, the war in Congo for cheap Coltan in every unit, and so cheap or even free for the hardware, but account breakers for some monthly plans.

    I wonder how many perfectly good mobiles are in the landfills because they couldn't produce a cool ring tone or, a little later, didn't have a camera?

  • RickW

    24 weeks ago

    vivian lee

    Quote:
    I guess the point is that the first issue of sustainability, as I see it, is buying less

    You weren't "buying less" so much as you were "buying smart" - a point that eludes many of us, and is not particularly encouraged by industry in general.

  • Nora Farmer

    24 weeks ago

    I find this more upsetting than gadget overload

    http://stopsmartmeters.org/2011/12/08/smart-meters-being-funded-by-the-us-military/

    And we thought just BC Hydro was up to no good.

  • dorothy

    24 weeks ago

    So, I take it

    that you typed this article on your old Remington, copy-ribbon and all, walked it down to the Newpaper office and this is an optical illusion on my screen for I would really have to walk down there myself and pick up a copy of the Tyee in order to read it???

    No?

    Then what...?

    Granville:

    You don't have to narrow your kids down to only one way of relating to things around them! My kids are gadget-literate to a degree I can't quite fathom, for we could not make very much available to them as it was. However, you can drop them in the middle of whatever environment BC can provide, and they will know the ten most important things to do in order to stay alive, for we did train them in that area, as all it takes is parental energy and will.

  • corona

    24 weeks ago

    Blame it on the consumer.

    Blame it on the consumer.

  • corona

    24 weeks ago

    We get blamed for everything.

    We get blamed for everything. For not buying enough, for buying too much, for buying the wrong things, or for buying things in the wrong way. For how we use things, or fail to use them.

    I'm not saying it's wrong, but could we have a little perspective? How on earth did the purchasing decisions of individual consumers become the be-all and end-all?

  • dorothy

    23 weeks ago

    When seven billion of them

    came into existence. This is the saddest testimony I have seen anywhere to how we fail to understand our power. Perspective will tell you, that most things that are skewed in this world did not get that way by one cataclysmic event, but in the same way constantly dripping water will cut a hole through the thickest rock, given enough time. So, we get blamed by the same measure we could have steered things in a different direction. We must wear that blame, and start thinking constructively on how we can undo the damage. It will also not be fast process, or so we must hope.

  • pwlg

    23 weeks ago

    Andrew Nikiforuk December 14 7pm Coop Radio 102.7fm

    Andrew will be on coop radio December 14th @ 7pm. It will be archived coopradio.org

  • freewilly

    23 weeks ago

    Gadgets are good. Waste is bad

    A few weeks ago CBC radio had a guest that said heating your home with server farms could pay your electric utility bill and create some income at the same time.

    I imagine all homes with grow-ops could serve the same function. Maybe not pot, but use the growlights for real food and heat the home.

    Gadgets are good. Waste is bad.

  • emma-go

    23 weeks ago

    And how are you writing this

    And how are you writing this and how are we reading this?