News

Spill Crisis: 'Whatever, We're Going Home'

Inside the Edmonton Enbridge control room that botched the worst bitumen pipeline leak ever.

By Andrew Nikiforuk, 22 Jun 2012, TheTyee.ca

Enbridge headquarters

Enbridge's Edmonton building. Company's pipeline monitoring staff failed to read spill signals correctly, delaying response 17 hours, say US government reports.

Related

Hours after alarms began going off in an Enbridge control room indicating a major pipeline rupture near Kalamazoo, Michigan, ill-trained workers could not agree that something was very wrong, and in fact one Enbridge employee's response was to tell another, "Whatever, we're going home and will be off for few days."

That scene is described in damning U.S. regulatory reports portraying Calgary-based Enbridge as a company that ignored safety protocols and warning alarms as well as the recommendations of previous safety audits in what amounted to a botched response to one of the continent's largest freshwater pipeline spills.

On July 25, 2010 a 40-foot long segment of Line 6B ruptured in Michigan and spilled more than 1 million gallons of diluted bitumen (more than 20,000 barrels) into 38 miles of the Kalamazoo River. To date the large bitumen leak has cost Enbridge $725-million and U.S. taxpayers another $37-million in clean-up bills.

The US National Transportation Safety Board, which has been investigating the dramatic spill, has released more than 200 documents related to the incident including three "factual reports" that detail different aspects of the company's failures and errors in matter-of-fact prose.

'Ten minute rule' turned into 17 hours

Related Document

A 51-page report on the company's Edmonton-based control room, for example, found that operators working for the pipeline giant failed to uphold the company's 10-minute rule. 

The company rule says that any operator finding pressure or flow abnormalities must shut down the affected pipeline within a 10-minute period. The rule was established after a 1991 pipeline rupture in Minnesota wasn't detected for hours and nearly sent 40,000 barrels of oil into the Mississippi River.

However, Enbridge operators did not detect the 6B Line rupture or attempt to shut-down the 30 inch wide pipeline for a full 17 hours despite repeated alarms and low pressure readings. In fact the company didn't shut control valves until phone calls from a Michigan gas company alerted the company to extensive odor complaints in the high impact marshy region.

"The initial and subsequent alarms associated with the rupture were not recognized as a line-break throughout two start-up attempts and over multiple control centre shifts," says the report.

According to the NTSB factual report, Enbridge's control room operators, who open and close pipelines and monitor adequate flow rates, did not know how to respond to alarm warnings or even read warnings on their console system without a trained analyst in the room. At the time they were attempting to execute a scheduled shutdown of the bitumen-carrying line.

The report documents confusion, miscommunication and indifference in the computerized control room that manages some of the world's longest pipeline systems. (Enbridge's control room is routinely staffed by 25 personnel that work a 12-hour shift.)   

At one point the report documents this dramatic scene in the control room:

"Operator B2 said he has never seen this problem before and that it was interesting. Operator B2 stated that the situation looked liked a leak, and Operator B1 stated that they could pump as much as they wanted but could never over pressurize the pipeline. Operator B2 stated that eventually the oil has to go somewhere. Operator B2 said that it seemed as if there was something wrong about the situation. Operator B2 said to Operator B1 'whatever, we're going home and will be off for few days.' Operator B1 stated they were not going to try this again, not on their shift."

REVEALING DOCUMENTS

US National Transportation Safety Board documents cited in this article:

Liquid Pipeline Accident-Marshall, Michigan: Integrity Management Group Chair's Factual Report (Undated)

Control Room and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Group Chairman Factual Report (April 10, 2012)

Emergency and Environmental Response Group Chairman's Factual Report (Feb. 2, 2012)

System failures

The control room not only misdiagnosed the rupture as a "column separation" or pressure loss due to vapor build-up but then tried to start up the ruptured pipeline two times while ignoring repeated alarm systems. Column separation was not even a problem associated with the 6B Line. 

A factual report on pipeline integrity management (how the company managed leaks and corrosion) painted an equally disturbing history of negligence and repeated warnings to the company from both U.S. and Canadian pipeline regulators.

A 2006 inspection by the US Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PMHSA) even highlighted a variety of system failures that eventually all played a role in the Michigan debacle. The PMHSA found a "lack of a periodic evaluation process was indicative of the Enbridge approach to integrity management."

The same 2006 inspection report by the PMSHA also found a lack of communication between monitors and risk assessors: "Utilization of available information/risk analysis information appears to be limited... and is not well integrated with key... decisions."

Moreover Canada's pipeline regulator, the National Energy Board (NEB) identified seven major weaknesses in the company's ability to detect cracks, leaks and corrosion in a 2008 audit including hazard identification, team communication, competency of training, threat assessments and repair records. The NEB also found numerous areas of non-compliance "in the Enbridge pipeline integrity management program."

Scramble to find scarce resources

A third NTSB report on emergency and environmental responses documents a chaotic spill response that found the company mostly unprepared for the scale of the disaster.

On-scene coordinators told NTSB investigators "that they determined during the initial hours of the response that Enbridge did not have the resources on site to contain or control the flow of oil into Talmadge Creek and the Kalamazoo River."

Kalamazoo oil spill

Report found fast response resources were lacking after Enbridge pipeline spewed approximately 1 million gallons of bitumen in Kalamazoo River.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency added that "Enbridge experienced significant difficulties locating necessary resources, due primarily to its lack of familiarity with contractors located anywhere in Region 5 other than Minnesota. Resources were readily available in the local geographic area, but went untapped by Enbridge until EPA provided contact information for available contractors."

At the peak of the spill containment a month after the rupture the company deployed 2,011 workers on the river along with 176,000 feet of booms. As of Nov. 2011 the company recovered 15 million gallons of waste water along with 1,140,339 gallons of oil or more than Enbridge estimated had been spilled into the river system.

We 'met or exceeded... standards': Enbridge

The environmental response report describes diluted bitumen as a "Class 3 flammable hazardous material" with toxic constituents including benzene and hydrogen sulfide.

Unlike conventional oil the heavy bitumen sank to river bottoms while its toxic solvents evaporated into the air forcing the evacuation of local citizens. Most clean-up workers wore respirators. Bitumen is so thick that it can't move through a pipeline unless diluted with solvents. Bitumen pipelines must also be highly pressured.

According the NTSB the majority of Enbridge's pipeline failures between 1984 and 2010 were due to manufacturing defects (26 per cent) equipment failure (20 per cent), construction defects (15 per cent) or external corrosion (14 per cent). Stress corrosion cracking accounted for another three per cent of the company's pipeline failures.

The PHMSA is currently investigating two pipeline cracking incidents that occurred in Enbridge pipelines in 2012.

In response to the publication of the NTSB factual reports, an Enbridge press release says the company has made a number of changes in its operations and "will continue to carefully examine the NTSB factual reports to determine whether any further adjustments are appropriate. Enbridge believes that at the time of the accident it met or exceeded all applicable regulatory and industry standards in its operations."

The company adds that it has "made several changes to the structure and leadership of functional departments such as pipeline control, leak detection and system integrity."

The NTSB is expected to release its final report on the cause of the Michigan pipeline rupture sometime this summer.

The Michigan bitumen spill cost 18 times more to clean up than conventional crude. Property damage and spill response cost approximately $36,000 a barrel for diluted bitumen compared to $2,000 a barrel for light crude.

On June 19 Enbridge reported yet another 1,400 barrel spill on a bitumen pipeline near the town of Elk Point, Alberta.  [Tyee]

29  Comments:

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  • Hakuin

    48 weeks ago

  • Forest_Lover

    48 weeks ago

    Karma

    Enbridge might be of the opinion that there's nothing in their world that they can't control but his proves otherwise. Timely and arguably a great example of what they are proposing and a small example of how terribly wrong things can go.

  • RickW

    48 weeks ago

    Enbridge echoing Harper?

    Or Harper echoing Enbridge, et al?

  • Fiat lux

    48 weeks ago

    Of course, all these

    Of course, all these disasters jack up the GDPwhich makes so called "economists" and "conservative " politicians happy to report.

    They may even enhance "individualism" and "property rights", which in their warped world means unlimited exploitation and collectivization, justified with the also fraudulent interpretation of Adam Smith's "invisible hand" theory.

    Ed Deak.

  • Suspicious by nature

    48 weeks ago

    Andrew Nikiforuk

    Thanks for staying true and exposing the truth.

    The DUMBECKI series is sad, pathetic, and probably written by and paid(bribe)for by big oil.

    Oil companies want the status quo, they don`t give a flying $%^# about anything but money.

    Enough of the fake-greenwash series.

    If we want propaganda we can read Vancouver sun, Globe n Mail or listen to any Conservative.

  • Luck

    48 weeks ago

    OIL SPILLS ......................... AND

    OIL SPILLS .........................

    WHAT CAN BE THE CAUSE OF ONE OIL SILL AFTER ANOTHER,

    ONE WEEK APART,

    RUSHING TO GET THE LINES CONNECTED ASAP IS NOT GOOD,

    MISTAKES BEING MADE,

    AND THE FED GOV AND THE OIL CORPORATIONS,

    NOT TAKING THE LEAD OF THE PEOPLE TO STOP,

    WE MUST LOOK AT ALTERNATIVE ENERGY TO SUPPLY CANADA,

    DO NOT WORRY ABOUT THE REST OF THE WORLD,

    UNTIL WE TAKE CARE OF OUR OWN,

    THEN,

    IF WE HAVE ANYTHING LEFT OVER,

    THEN AND ONLY THEN,

    SELL IT TO THE HIGHEST BIDDER ON THE WORLD MARKET,

    THATS WHAT THE CORPORATIONS DO,

    COME ON FED GOV GET SMART AND LEARN ROPES,

    AND OIL SPILLS THEN,

    CAN BE A THING OF THE PAST,

  • pwlg

    48 weeks ago

    I wondered where Andrew Nikiforuk had gone

    Here he was doing the job journalists are trained to do. I nominate Nikiforuk for a Webster!

    Once again, thanks for the enlightening and disturbing story Andrew. It should have been the lead story of Tyee's main page today.

    The current regulatory oversight is not working. Why are companies left to determine their own standards for maintenance, inspection and replacement of pipeline sections and associated parts, materials and equipment?

    It is troubling to read just how bad it is.

    "Moreover Canada's pipeline regulator, the National Energy Board (NEB) identified seven major weaknesses in the company's ability to detect cracks, leaks and corrosion in a 2008 audit including hazard identification, team communication, competency of training, threat assessments and repair records. The NEB also found numerous areas of non-compliance "in the Enbridge pipeline integrity management program."

    One thing that should be pointed about the costs of the spill on the Kalamazoo River is Enbridge's ability, or rather, inability to pay for it. Enbridge had a $650 million insurance policy for spills. The cost for the Kalamazoo spill is over $750 million and government fines and penalties have yet to be assessed.

    One has to wonder if the Joint Review Panel is looking at Enbridge's Northern Gateway Pipeline proposal closely enough to determine whether Enbridge has sufficient liability insurance to cover the cost of a spill in one of the many rivers the pipeline is proposed to cross. What would it cost if the pipeline leaked 20,000 barrels into a tributary of the Fraser River during the sockeye salmon migration? (Oh, but didn't Harper and his Parliamentary Thugs just undermine and remove any enforcement teeth from the Fisheries Act?)

    Just who pays for these insurance claims? I received a notice last December telling me my rates were going up due to the cost of claims paid out during the last two years. The insurance company cited natural hazard events and major oil spills etc. The insurance companies recover their losses from all of us who have policies for our homes and belongings.

    Is this how Enbridge handles its risks and corporate responsibility.

    I wonder how Michigan residents would feel listening to Enbridge's current ad noise campaign extolling, "It's more than a pipeline. It's a path to our future." It is indeed, however not Michigan residents nor BC residents.

    I imagine a modern day Van Gogh in the banks of the Kalamazoo painting his Tarry, Tarry, Night.

  • David Beers

    48 weeks ago

    Administrator

    Please refrain from personal attacks on our writers

    Suspicious by Nature: Glad to have your vigorous disagreement with what you read on the Tyee posted in your anonymous comments, but please adhere to the Tyee commenting guidelines by not impugning the character of our writers. Just because a range of thought is presented in the Tyee's pages doesn't mean anyone has been "bribed" or is doing anything other than our mission here: to report what we find, attempting in good faith to deepen people's understanding of the issues.

  • David Beers

    48 weeks ago

    Administrator

    pwlg

    Andrew Nikiforuk is immersed in a large writing project for the Tyee which will be published in the fall, thus you're reading a bit less of him lately -- but still, quite a bit. Here's his body of work for us to date, including dates:

    http://thetyee.ca/Bios/Andrew_Nikiforuk/

  • Suspicious by nature

    48 weeks ago

    No offence meant

    Yes, I shouldn`t have disparaged Dembecki.

    But, right now we are in a war, WWIII, a class war, investor class against us mere pee-ons.

    There are way more of us than them, banks and industry have started their doom-scenario propaganda in an effort to get their controversial projects through.

    If big oil was serious every employee would have been fired.

    The petroleum industry knows this.

    It`s cheaper for the industry to let disasters happen than prevent them, it`s all part of the cost of doing business.

    Will Enbridge replace the Gateway pipeline every 10 years? Not a chance, spills from their pipeline are already calculated, no better example exists than Exxon mobile, the richest company in the world and the Valdez fine linger unpaid.

  • Fiat lux

    48 weeks ago

    Don't blame the corporations,

    Don't blame the corporations, but the economists who come up with the justifications, the same way as the priesthoods of history have always licenced enslavements, destruction and mass murder as the "will of God", and the neocon/fascist governments, all over the world, who let them get away with their crimes in the name of "competitive wealth creation".

    The biggest fraud and lie in history,
    now covering the whole world. This is what happens when criminals are using ideological and religious theories to justify their crimes and people let them get away with it.

    Ed Deak.

  • minedoubt01

    47 weeks ago

    Mr. Deak what do you suggest...

    I have read your comments with interest and appreciation for your p.o.v. - but what can we, the public, do?
    At this time, Kamloops is dealing with a mining proposal that is undergoing an environmental assessment process that appears to be little more that a formality. It is the Ajax Mine a large copper/gold open pit adjacent to residential suburbs and partly within city limits.
    The Kinder Morgan pipeline runs right through the mine site - between the pit and a well loved fishing hole, Jocko Lake. The plans to twin the pipeline put the line within metres of the pit and under the constant stress and strain of both blasting and the 24/7 movement of heavy equipment and ore processing.
    All I've gotten so far is lip service from both the proponent and Kinder Morgan. They understand our 'concern' but aren't worried because it will all be fine according to them. Our Min of Environment does not respond to contact/letters.
    Any suggestions?

  • mgailthiessen

    47 weeks ago

    "It's more than a pipeline. It's a path to our future."

    Right! And if you believe this ..... I noticed that in the article above, there was no mention of one more Enbridge "boo-boo". What about the Red Deer River leak? Yet, the Elk Point spill was mentioned. Here we sit in Northern BC, almost on top of where they want to wreak their next "carnage", and we're supposed to buy their "Path to the Future" crap? I think NOT.

  • Fiat lux

    47 weeks ago

    Mine.... I'm dead against any

    Mine.... I'm dead against any form of violence, as it never solves anything and only causes physical damage and makes innocent people suffer.

    The Occupy movement and the PQ demonstrations, without the masked idiots breaking and damaging things, are definitely the direction the world is heading, once they realize, and admit, that we're heading under a total enslavement by a criminal sector, using the propaganda of "competitiveness", enforced by the "creation" of imaginary money for weapons.

    The present problem could be solved with the understanding of 4 simple definitions.

    1. Wealth is the temporary control of energy

    2. Wealth can not be created, only taken from others, the environment and future generations.

    3. Monetary costs and values are not realities, but temporary perceptions, therefore can not be used for economic calculations.

    4. Real costs can not be cut, only transferred on other, the environment, etc.....

    The question is how to free humanity from the effects of literally thousands of years of brainwash perpetrated by the ruling classes of history to enforce submission to their demands and into their servitude ?

    Always in the name of "freedom", now with the addition of fraud of "prosperity", while poverty and destruction is growing by the minute.

    What we need is a worldwide awakening and the freeing of minds to stand up and tell any would be rulers to go to hell.

    Ed Deak.

  • Luimneach

    47 weeks ago

    Enbridge "Exceptions"

    Thanks Andrew--

    We in Alberta are soooo lucky--our newest Premier, in just a short few months, with the undoubted aid of CAPP, has totally eliminated spills like this.
    Henceforth, all we are at risk for are...."exceptions"! They may occur with increasing frequency, but what a relief that we are spill-free!

  • Hakuin

    47 weeks ago

    how about state violence Ed?

    do you the state should keep the violence monopoly no matter what they are doing with it?

  • Fiat lux

    47 weeks ago

    Hak....I never hurt anybody,

    Hak....I never hurt anybody, but I'm a WW2 vet, and anybody coming here with violent intentions could have some problems...

    The point is that violence by faith based oppressions, like religions, ideologies and criminal economic theories can only be fought and opposed with the revolution of minds and not with violence.

    We have endless historical examples and precedents, showing, that armed revolutions against oppressors usually end up in replacing them with worse oppressors and criminals than before.

    Right now the worst weapons of oppression and colonization are deregulated money creation colonize and ewnslave the world, the "free trade" rackets and the destructive ideology of "competitiveness", which is nothing more than legalized theft.

    All these can be fought and eliminated without any form of physical violence in a so called democracy, by demanding real democracy.

    Ed Deak.

  • Suspicious by nature

    47 weeks ago

    More oil spills, HO hum

    Environmental authorities have mapped out a three-year plan for the restoration of Bohai Bay, which was severely damaged by oil spills last year, China's ocean watchdog said Thursday.

    According to a statement by the State Oceanic Administration, the Ministry of Agriculture aims to rebuild the area's fishery industry by 2015, including putting about 3.4 billion aquatic animals into the bay.

    The agency also announced that money from a 1 billion yuan ($157 million) compensation fund has already been allocated to Hebei and Liaoning provinces to be used to help fishermen affected by the leaks from the Penglai 19-3 oilfield.
    ConocoPhillips China, the operator of the oilfield, has also agreed with the government to set up another 1.1 billion yuan fund based on estimated damages.

    The company, based in the United States, and its Chinese partner, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, will also jointly pay another 600 million yuan.
    The money will go toward Bohai Bay's marine environment recovery, construction and protection, the statement said.

    ConocoPhillips China confirmed the agreement and said the company places the highest priority on its commitment to the country, and it looks forward to continuing operations in China.

    In June 2011, Penglai 19-3 oilfield experienced two unrelated leaks, with initial estimates indicating that about 723 barrels (115 cubic meters) of oil were released into the sea and 2,620 barrels (416.45 cubic meters) of mineral oil mud were released onto the seabed, according to the US company.

    A State Oceanic Administration investigation report in November said the leaks polluted an area of about 6,200 square kilometers (nearly nine times the size of Singapore), including 870 square kilometers that were severely polluted.
    The contamination killed large amounts of aquatic animals and led to a growing abnormality in the water, the report said.

    Although progress is being made in dealing with the impact of the leaks, legal experts said restoration and compensation efforts should be more transparent.

    Zhou Ke, a professor on environment law at Renmin University of China, said the incident had damaged the interests of not only the government, but also the people.
    "More public voices should be heard before the compensation agreement is completed,"

    http://powellriverpersuader.blogspot.ca/2012/06/christy-clark-when-will-you-denounce.html

  • minedoubt01

    47 weeks ago

    Thanks

    Mr. Deak - I am no advocate of violence either. I agree - we need a collective 'awakening', but I fear it will be too late for my children and the environment as we know it. However, I always have hope and will keep pressing forward.

  • Fiat lux

    47 weeks ago

    It is never too late

    It is never too late !!!!!

    The ancient Romans had a saying: "Dum spiro spero" As long as a breathe, I hope.

    I'm 85, still want to see the awakening and if I thought for a minute that it is too late, I wouldn't waste my last years on these problems, when I have it made.

    I've faced certain death so many times I can't even recall, but am still here, while all those who wanted to put me away are long gone.

    It is only too late when we give up and in this case, logic, human rights, physical laws and all facts of democracy are on the side of those who demand answers.

    Ed Deak.

  • Hakuin

    47 weeks ago

    very well Ed

    and how shall we demand real democracy in the face of a government that is acting as tyrant? What forms will our demand take? If instead of a justice system we have a legal system, if our courts are patently impotent, if our media is 90% corporate, if our police are acting as organized crime gangs, if our military is playing oil company enforcer, if our children already face a blighted future, if our would -be champions are either sell-outs or poltroons - how then shall we frame our demand to be treated as just a human and worthy as the one percent?

  • Fiat lux

    47 weeks ago

    The best way is "passive

    The best way is "passive resistance", made famous and very effective by Mahatma Gandhi. Don't fight, just don't follow orders.

    Definitely more effective than what we can now see in Syria. What comes later, we don't know, but at least it won't be the result of idiotic violence.

    What the the French get out of their revolution against their ruling class, or the Russians by having their czar replaced by Stalin ?

    Ed Deak.

  • Hakuin

    47 weeks ago

    satyagraha

    Does not work on psychopaths

  • Bailey

    47 weeks ago

    An exercise in truth

    I suggest that the powers which recently decided we have too much democracy understand the relationship between freedom and truth. That's the reason why the first step in our present political situation was to remove the regulations about media ownership and to accomplish that monopoly over truth the corporate factions have enjoyed.

    Even this Tyee would not exist to tell us these secret truths without the circumstantial emergence of the technologies we are all presently sitting in front of. And we see the scurrying to censor and control the internet being carried out as we speak.

    Corporate crimes aided and abetted by our own elected officials.

    I believe that apart from wikileaks type whistleblowing, the best hope for a general understanding is the kind of reporting done here.

    And I think the next thing we need to see here is a lot of information about what political functionaries have taken how much money from these corporate functionaries, and when and what that money bought.

    It's nearly impossible to postulate any scenario in which this gross betrayal of public duties across the board are not the result of bribery and corruption of some kind on some level.

  • Hakuin

    47 weeks ago

    quite

    we need leakers and leaks and lots of them. There ARE witnesses to every crime committed by those who have grabbed power and if the evidence is put before the whole people it will become irrelevant that the courts can't and won't do their job. No honour among thieves and even if ordinary folk don't have the money to force change we can count on the other power sharks to rip apart their compatriots if given the means to do it.

  • Fiat lux

    47 weeks ago

    No secrets from the public

    No secrets from the public and the disclosure of government plans, facts and happenings are supposed to be some of the elementary demands of democracy.

    Governments that operate in and with secrets, working in conspiracy with special interest sectors to control people, and the economy, are plain and simple dictatorships and must be removed from power by legal means.

    Ed Deak.

  • Hakuin

    47 weeks ago

    and when they

    criminalize leaking? Or even talking about leaks?

  • nssx4driver

    47 weeks ago

    Fiat Lux Don't blame the corporations

    Hello Ed et al.

    Try this web site for a direction and possibilities. ThriveMovement.com It may lead to the next steps for us all and it verifies much of what Ed speaks.

    Charles

  • Hakuin

    47 weeks ago

    http://muertos.blog.com/2011/11/12/the-next-conspiracy-movie-the

    http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1719734609/ancient-aliens-guy.png

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