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First Nation Takes Lead on Solar Power

T'Sou-ke project models energy autonomy for other BC Aboriginal communities.

By Colleen Kimmett, 24 Jul 2009, TheTyee.ca

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Photovoltaic array on T'Sou-ke band hall. Panel at far right was etched by artist Mark Gauti.

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It's a good day for a celebration. Sunshine sparkles on the water of the Sooke Basin, the sky is clear and a fresh wind makes the heat bearable.

Outside the T'Sou-ke Nation band hall, tables are set up for a BBQ salmon lunch. Kids run around, blowing soap bubbles and women set up craft tables in the shade.

There are free rides, too, on a scissor lift that's been hired to give people a birds-eye view of the band's just-completed solar project -- the reason for today's gathering. Photovoltaic arrays top the band hall, canoe shed and fisheries office, and single panels (connected to hot water systems) dot the roofs of neighboring homes.

This 75 kilowatt project, though tiny by world standards, is the largest of its kind in British Columbia. It's being held up as a model for First Nations across the province, particularly those that are off grid and reliant upon diesel generators for electricity.

Supporters call it the beginning of a renaissance for First Nations; a way to reconnect with the land in a totally new way plus gain energy autonomy. But they also warn against simply planting technology on reserves. Without community buy-in, they say, renewables won't work.

Visioning solar

In February, 2007, the T'Sou-ke band hired Andrew Moore as solar project director. He initiated visioning sessions with community members, held every three weeks, and eventually came up with a vision statement.

"What came was an understanding that we need to become as self-sufficient as possible, as autonomous as possible... in food, energy and culture," says Moore.

"This project is just one piece of it."

How T'Sou-ke Solar Project Works

The T'Sou-ke solar project is actually a suite of solar options for producing hot water and electricity.

The solar hot water component currently consists of 25 systems on private residences that, in the summertime, can produce all of a family's hot water needs. The band plans to install another 61 systems.

The solar electricity component consists of three models.

On the bands' fisheries office is a 6 kilowatt photovoltaic system ideal for off-grid communities. It would require some form of backup such as diesel, propane or another renewable technology.

The 7 kilowatt system, on the band hall, uses solar power for emergency battery back-up in case of a hydro outage. It is connected to the grid and can sell excess power back to BC Hydro. Ideal for on-grid communities that face frequent power outages.

The third model is a 62 kilowatt array atop the band's canoe shed, energy which is available to the community or for sale to BC Hydro. With strong efficiency and conservation measures, it could provide all of a community's electricity needs.

The harder part was finding the money to make it happen. Moore secured funding from 15 different governmental and non-profit sources to fund the solar project (which eventually cost approximately $1.5 million), with conflicting requirements.

"Some said you've got to spend the money by March and some said you can't start 'til April," says Moore with a wry smile. The various funding agencies -- which included the provincial Innovative Clean Energy Fund, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada and Solar BC -- did share a common mandate.

"There's going to be major change, in terms of competition for resources, oil and climate change. And everyone knows that the most vulnerable communities are the ones that get hit hardest," says Moore. "And I think the mandate is to build resilience in these communities. The way that you do that is to make them more autonomous and more self-sufficient."

The T'Sou-ke were able to "bend the rules a little," says Moore, but still had to move quickly in order to secure funds.

Building the team

T'Sou-ke member and experienced logging crew boss Rick Underwood came onboard to be the "go-to guy" between Moore and Home Energy Solutions, the solar electric contractor, and to help ensure all of the photovoltaic systems were completed on time. In one month, March, 2009, all the panels were installed. Like any big project, explains Underwood, small problems popped up -- but it all worked out in the end.

"Crap, yeah, I feel pretty proud," says Underwood. "This is it, it's done, it's a finished product. Now it's the showcase, and the whole idea of being able to help off-grid reserves show them what can be done."

Right now for British Columbia's remote and off-grid First Nations, diesel generation is the only option.

It's costly and carbon intensive and, although the fuel is subsidized by BC Hydro and the province, there's no guarantee that it can always reach a remote community accessibly only by plane or boat, weather permitting.

"We have to change that," says Donna Morton of First Power. She describes her company (which is based on the U.S. B Corporation model) as the "cultural interface" between technology companies, renewable experts and First Nations themselves.

The T'Sou-ke solar project is its first venture. First Power provided training and technological expertise on the solar hot water side, and also helped find funding to pay for community outreach projects.

"In the case of our training program, we taught orally," explains Morton. "We taught using graphics, video and comedy. We hired a First Nation comedian to write the material. We relied heavily on story-telling and graphics."

'We learned by doing'

First Power partner Joe Thwaites (who is also president of Taylor Munro Energy Systems) worked with local trainees on the installation of 25 hot water systems in the community.

"We learned by doing," says Angie Bristol, 28, who completed the training program along with eight other band members. "They took a group to each house and would teach us on an actual system."

"Having everything right there in front of you made it a lot easier."

The company also worked with local artist Mark Gauti, who designed and etched a solar symbol on to one of the panels. The art, says Morton, "a high expression of culture attached to a valuable cutting-edge piece of technology," helped bring the community in and give everyone a sense of ownership.

"Until we came along a few months ago," Gauti says, "the focus was on technology and that's it."

Gauti also helped spearhead the T'Sou-ke Nation Smart Energy Group (T'SEG). The group was formed in response to the solar project, and its mandate is to promote energy conservation.

"We're creating all this energy with our panels, but if people just started using it all up... what's the point?" asks T'SEG member Tyler Finney. "They are quite expensive to install, so once we install them, we realize just how precious the energy created really is."

Momentum minded

At last weekend's solar gathering, T'SEG set up tables and give away t-shirts and magnets, along with energy-saving tips. The event drew First Nations and municipal representatives from around the province, as well as government officials and media.

By day two of the gathering, T'Sou-ke chief Gordon Plannes has done interviews with the CBC, Victoria Times-Colonist, and now a Tyee reporter. He laughs when asked what he thinks about being a solar spokesperson.

"If I had to prepare for all this I probably wouldn't do a very good job," Plannes says with a smile. "But hey, I'm happy. I'm happy where it's going, I'm happy that the community has come together, I'm happy that there is a future in this. One of the things I want to do is I want to keep that momentum moving."

"We can make change. If we all get together, we can make change. And guess what? We don't have a choice."  [Tyee]

16  Comments:

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  • morechatter

    2 years ago

    People Powered up to Make Changes

    We always have a choice. The one most often used is the choice to do nothing with the belief nothing is going to change. I know, have done it myself for what ever reason came to mind at the time.

    Its a favorite of governments, and do nothing World Leaders as they gather together to agree they all can't agree. But it is not the way of First Nation's people as they use solar energy to help preserve the planet instead of the former environmental hazard.

    It is good to hear media and government are also paying close attention to the "choices" communities are making when it comes to the environment.

  • mmphosis

    2 years ago

    Very inspiring.

    Very inspiring.

  • freebear

    2 years ago

    Good on them!

    Now if only more of us do the same!

  • seth

    2 years ago

    payola

    You can buy the panels (90% of the cost) on ebay for about $300K. so where did the $1.5 million come from?

    The hot water systems can be homebrewed in a day with some cheap plastic pipe and and a sheet of tempered glass ($15 on craigslist).

    While Golf cart batteries are dirt cheap at Costco, diesel is a far cheaper backup power alternative If you want a global warming solution use biodiesel from restaurant frying oil waste.

    Seems to me somebody is stuffing pockets as is usual on these type of projects and what's worse it deters off the grid reserves from doing it for themselves.

    At today's prices less the payola factor solar heat is a good idea after home insulation is optimized. Solar water heat is always a good idea.

    Off grid reserves would be much better off with microhydro.

    If corruption can be weeded out, microhydro, wind, and small solar projects make sense in these remote off the grid areas but they are a small part of BC's overall electric needs.

    For the provinces power grid, wind is too unreliable and solar cannot come close to competing with US southwest desert solar.

    Alberta and Saskatchewan with relatively much larger wind and solar resources than BC are recommending nuclear power for their future power needs. BC is still stuck in the dark ages promoting ridiculously ineffective, hugely environmentally destructive and hideously expensive run of the river and wind projects to serve distorted electricity growth estimates.

    Pirate Power king Plutonic's Bute projects will provide us with about 4000 annual gigawatt/hours of low value sometime in late spring in some years power which will have to exported at a massive loss. Cost to taxpayers 16 billion dollars. At current export rates losses to the taxpayer will exceed 12 billion dollars.

    Westinghouse in 2006 sold China four new generation nukes for 5.5 billion. If BCHydro had instead purchased these it could have replaced Burrard thermal generating 40000 annual gigawatt hours of dependable high value always on baseload power. This would almost double BCHydros capacity and provide plenty of power to move us into electric/hydrogen vehicles and electric heat almost eliminating our carbon fuel consumption.

    That's 10 times the power at 35% the cost.

  • jnewcomb

    2 years ago

    its community development more than renewable energy

    One reason why the project costs more than just the cost of the solar panels is that the project has a lot more to do with First Nations community development. Lots of labour-intensive activities before, during and probably after the actual installation. Cost for the panel installation over next year may continue to mount.

    Is it really worth it? Depends on what is the real reason for installing the solar panels.

    While FN bands and non-FN communities in isolated regions really need alternatives to the usual diesel/gas generators, the T'Souke band location has good access to BC Hydro energy going out to Sooke, roads, and services.

    So might have made more economic sense to improve the housing for the band - including insulation - than go for solar.

    However, as apparent in the article, this project has less to do with serious renewable energy testing than for building FN community strengths. Hopefully, it will succeed on that score, but as an effort to reduce energy dependency, reduce GHGs, or to evaluate alternative energy sources, not sure it really works.

    As for getting nukes - no. Sure, Gordon Shrum promised lots of nukes for BC back in 1968, but really, between mining the uranium and burying the waste, nobody in BC really wants to go that way.

  • Chilenje

    2 years ago

    dfgsdfg

    dfgsdfg

  • OilbertaRedTory

    2 years ago

    NewNuke is the Bomb

    Cost Waste Safety and Proliferation - the four horsemen of the NewNuke Apocalypse.

    My garbage stinks after a week in the cabin ... fission garbage stinks for 10 - 200 thousand years.

    http://nuclearfreealberta.ca/files/NUCNOTANS[1].pdf

    Albertans don't want Nuclearistas :

    http://www.discoverthepeacecountry.com/htmlpages/nuclearpowercomments1.html

    The NukeZombies can't compete with negaWatts and SmartGrids so they'll try to eat your brain. (Economist May 08)

  • seth

    2 years ago

    Community development No nukes

    Good to see that that the excess money went into band members hands. They might have a look at the labor intensive but capital cost light methods of solar panel ($1 a watt), water and space heat home brewed alternatives. Could be a great cottage industry for band members.

    It's true most citizens are very cautious about nuclear power as shown by the rather stupid nonsense published in Red Tories links.

    There has been a massive and extremely well funded campaign by big coal/oil against nuclear for many years and those funds are used to finance well meaning fools in the Green movement. Big Coal/Oil know full well that wind/solar/geothermal have no hope of replacing more than a small fraction of their product but nuclear could put them out of business in ten years.

    Nuclear waste from older and current generation reactors can be burned as fuel in Generation 4 units leaving almost no waste product.

    Climate scientists tell us we may have as little as ten years before we fall over a global warming precipice. Only nuclear power has any possibility of saving us in that time frame.

    Even if we had to destroy a few square miles of the planet forever as a storage dump for nuclear waste better that than losing the entire planet. Note that the tars sands project has already destroyed hundreds of square miles of land forever. We could store the waste there and nobody would ever notice.

  • North of Hope

    2 years ago

    Here are a couple of

    Here are a couple of articles about the nuclear vs coal debate. I don't know if this will help anyone but you may see some points you haven't seen before.

    "Coal Ash Is More Radioactive than Nuclear Waste" at

    http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=coal-ash-is-more-radioactive-than-nuclear-waste

    and

    "Coal Ash Is More Radioactive than Nuclear Waste" at

    http://www.cejournal.net/?p=410

  • North of Hope

    2 years ago

    The second on should read

    The second on should read "Coal Ash Is Not More Radioactive than Nuclear Waste"

    We need to be concerned about environmental alteration, not just climate change. We must be concerned about all pollutants, not just green house gases (GHG’s.) No chemicals should be used unless they are studied and tested for damage to animals, plants and the environment. These studies must be made public. These forms of energy must be fully examined before being used.

  • lynn

    2 years ago

    The nuke PR campaign

    Solar power makes sense.

    I had two very good Czech friends, husband and wife, who developed serious medical problems they attributed to Chernobyl. They both died early deaths.

    From Helen Caldicott:

    "The American Nuclear Society recently held a meeting in San Diego that drew scientists and industry professional from all around the world. The prevailing mantra was simple—surprise the opponent, plan ahead, coordinate, be pro-active not reactive, and engage and communicate with antinuclear groups. This extensive propaganda campaign is global. A formally chartered organization composed of the governments of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, the European Union, France, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Republic of South Africa, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, called the Generation IV International Forum (GIF), is collaborating with the U.S. Nuclear Energy research Advisory Committee to elucidate the benefits, technical and institutional barriers, and research needs for the most promising nuclear energy system concepts.
    Other countries engaged in the possible construction of nuclear power plants include China, which already has nine nuclear reactors and plans to build another thirty nuclear power plants. (Even if it builds its thirty plants, however, nuclear power will still provide only 5% of its energy mix, while the percentage of China’s electrical generation capacity by natural gas is expected to increase from 1% today to over 6% by 2030 according to the International Energy Agency.) New nuclear power capacity is under consideration or construction in India, Japan, Taiwan, Turkey, Belarus, Vietnam, Poland, and South Korea. Russia as well as Finland have several plants under construction.
    Nuclear power is often referred to behind closed doors in the U.S. Department of Energy as “hard” energy whereas wind power, solar power, hydropower, and geothermal energy are referred to as “soft” energy pathways. Clearly the same psychosexual language used by the Pentagon generals to describe various aspects of nuclear weapons and nuclear war has been translocated into the nuclear power vocabulary of some very powerful and influential men in the electricity generating field. As a physician, I contend that unless the root cause of a problem can be ascertained there can be no cure. So too the pathology intrinsic in the nuclear power gang needs to be dissected and revealed to the cold light of day."

  • jwstewart

    2 years ago

    Seth - Retry please

    Your assertion that there is corruption on this project lacks credibility.

    Maybe they didn't use the cheapest panels off ebay, maybe they purchased the most efficient highest quality panels from local sources that will honour the warranty.

    Also, there are DC-AC converter/chargers, probably quite expensive to handle 80,000 watts, plus copper wiring which is expensive these days.

    Then there are PROFESSIONAL, not DIY services to transport, design, install, train, & manage the project. And also a profit (not a dirty word).

    No mention was made in the article about corruption, and in polite society can't we assume people are innocent of criminal activity until proven otherwise?

    Incorrectly assuming corruption exists in renewable energy is not a valid argument for Nuclear power.

  • goooglemonster

    2 years ago

    how dumb

    I lived in Sooke as a kid and if you know how much it rains there then it would be smarter to consider rain power.

  • BrianWhite

    2 years ago

    Solar cooking

    With all the money for solar, why not some solar cooking devellopment? For instance, Parabolic cookers concentrate the light to a point when the collector is aimed at the sun. But That means moving the dish every 15 minutes in full sun to cook anything! HOT WORK that women in africa are expected to do round solar cookers! A NOT parabolic dish that accepts 30 degrees of sunlight will cook for 2 hours without moving it. But nobody has BOTHERED develloping one.
    I even know the basic shape. It is like 2 leaves with their edges curled up and in line with the path of the sun. Hello scientists, students and mathematicians and concerned citizens. With all the technology available today, that is an EASY problem for the right people!

    Also, tracking. I started low tech tracking (it won a science prize) it is called dripper trackers.
    It uses water counterweights (which are impervious to wind damage) instead of the usual light based trackers. If either of those very basic concepts were develloped just a little, many poor people round the world could benifit. The money is available now but we just do not care enough.

  • sailorkris

    2 years ago

    Seth - Think Bigger by Thinking Smaller

    1. Cheap panels made from cheap parts (like any other product) will cost more in the long run as they will break down and need repair or replacement much sooner. Pretty simple.

    2. Big projects be them nuke or renewable are not going to make us energy independant. Bute and the lke are a farce as far a renewable energy goes. All their energy is going to California customers and does nothing to displace non-renewables in BC.

    3. No one really knows the cost of Nuclear. How much will it cost to store an ever increasing inventory of nuclear waste for 10,000 years until it is free of radiation? What kind of caontainer will last 10,000 years?

    4. Small projects on each house and in each community are the solution and Sooke is on track. By producing their own power they also see the value of conservation. Once free of the grid they are free of the energy market.

  • sailorkris

    2 years ago

    Biofuel for Back Up Power?

    I'm no expert here but I don't think deep fryer oil has much of a shelf life. It doesn't seem like a good fuel to store for a rainy day.

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