How to Create Great Buildings

Developers and governments must recognize that imagination isn't always expensive.

By Helena Grdadolnik, 28 Jul 2006, TheTyee.ca

BC Cancer Research Centre

B.C Cancer Research Centre, Henriquez Partners/IBI Group. Photo by Nic Lehoux.

When the top awards for Canadian architects, the Governor General's Medals, were given out this year, only one went to a B.C. architect. Quebec firms, on the other hand, won eight of the 12 awards. This says a lot about the quality of work coming out of Quebec compared to the rest of Canada, but what does it say about architecture in British Columbia?

Can we infer from the numbers above that this province lacks design talent? Not in the least. There is a wealth of talent, especially in the younger generation that is just starting to make its mark. Two such Vancouver-based firms, BattersbyHowat and Molo Design (formerly Forsythe + MacAllen), were the recipients of the Canada Council's biannual Ronald J. Thom Award for early design achievement in architecture. Molo Design has also received scads of international recognition (from the Architecture League of New York, the International Contemporary Furniture Fair and a 2005 INDEX prize worth 100,000 Euros).

Why, then, are B.C. architects not producing more Governor General's Medal-winning work?

To answer this question we should look at the other side of the equation: the clients and the commissioning process. It is no wonder that many private developers are more interested in the project's financial bottom line than producing buildings to contribute to the province's architectural heritage, but it is harder to swallow when the public sector also takes this approach. The commissioning process favoured by the provincial government is a competitive design/build bid where the most relevant consideration is the dollar figure.

Is there another way to commission architecture?

Competition encourages excellence

Quebec was home to a high number of Governor General's Medal winners this year. What are they doing right? Commenting on this issue, Yves Gosselin, president of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, suggests "an architectural competition program, such as the one in the province of Quebec, can successfully give rise to superior buildings."

The competitions were not for large high-profile commissions as is usually the case in Canada, but for modest public buildings in smaller urban centres. Despite their size, these buildings have had strong local impacts; Gosselin observed that the buildings were able to demonstrate the value of architecture in their communities.

Smaller municipalities stepping up to become patrons of quality architecture is evident in British Columbia as well. A few years ago the city of Prince George made the bold move to expand its airport's scope from regional to international in the effort to give Northern B.C.'s tourism, mining and timber industries greater autonomy from the Lower Mainland's hub of services. When it came to choosing the architects for the second phase of the expansion, the city of Prince George and the airport took another risk that paid off: they hired mcfarlaneGreen, an up-and-coming young firm based in North Vancouver.

The result is an exceptional building that gives both locals and international visitors a sense of arrival with natural materials that reference the region's resource industries: minerals represented by quartz zinc cladding and black slate tiles, timber by fir glulam beams and cedar soffits.

For vision, visit Moricetown

Architectural design can bring economic, social and cultural value to a community. A newly built gas bar and retail store in Moricetown, home to only 500 residents, is evidence of this. The Moricetown First Nations Band (Wet'suwet'en Nation) commissioned architects Killick Metz Bowen Rose, who convinced their client that this building should be regionally significant rather than the typical banal gas bar with no sense of context or local culture.

Located 40 kilometres west of Smithers, Moricetown's economy is largely dependant on forest products -- the Moricetown Band itself owns a 51 per cent share in a local mill. For this reason, the architects specified joists made of dimension lumber, plywood roof sheathing and a grid of glulam columns and beams. The structural system recalls traditional First Nations post and beam structures without resorting to mimicry. To allow maximum employment of band members for the project and to complete the construction before the onset of winter, the building was designed and detailed with simplicity in mind.

For their efforts on the Moricetown Gas Bar, the architects Killick Metz Bowen Rose have recently received an innovation award from the Architectural Institute of B.C. (AIBC). And mcfarlaneGreen's work on the Prince George Airport also won them a prize from the AIBC: a Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia Architecture Award.

Only three such awards were given out this year. The other two winners were Patkau Architects for La Grande Bibliothèque de Quebec and LWPAC Lang Wilson in association with Hotson Bakker Boniface Haden for ROAR_One, a mixed-use project of 10 condo units above a storefront space on West 10th Avenue.

Patkau Architects, a respected Vancouver firm, benefited from the appreciation of architecture culture in la belle province for la Grande Bibliothèque de Quebec in Montreal -- the building is their largest and most ambitious to date. The architectural project was awarded to them through an international design competition. Patkau Architects have been the past recipients of many Governor General's Medals: in 2004 they received two medals for the Agosta House on Washington's San Juan Island and Shaw House in the Point Grey area of Vancouver. In 2004 there was a lot of criticism that the Governor General's Awards were being doled out to too many upscale private residences.

Homeowners are motivated

This year the only private residence to win was also the sole project from B.C., the Naramata House by Florian Maurer located in the province's interior. Maurer not only designed the house for himself and his wife within a modest budget, he also built it.

Although the Lower Mainland is rife with condominium projects, this building type does not often receive the top architectural awards because they lack innovation and are too often cut from the mould that yields the highest return. It is much easier to convince a client to be open to innovation when the project is their own home, because they will benefit from the extra time or money spent to make good architecture. It is harder to convince a client to do this when the purpose of the project is to make a profit.

LWPAC (a.k.a. Lang Wilson Practice in Architecture Culture) had the rare benefit of enlightened client-developers, Sergio and Andres Rodriguez, who encouraged Oliver Lang and Cynthia Wilson to push the envelope with ROAR_One.

The result was a courtyard building that opens up new possibilities for tight urban living in Vancouver. Even the bachelor units in ROAR_One are blessed with large amounts of daylight, fresh air and outdoor space. Although the building does not look like much from the street, the value of the architectural innovation is immediately obvious once inside, and it would be a more remarkable experience on a daily basis. Furthermore, the design innovation did not compromise the bottom line. (The building's construction price was still competitive with typical architectural projects of its size.)

If this is the case, then why can't other clients, whether they be B.C. developers or governments, follow the lead of the Rodriguez brothers, the Moricetown First Nations Band, Prince George and the province of Quebec in supporting the best in architectural design to benefit everyone in the province? After all, B.C. residents live, work and/or play in buildings on a daily basis.

Tyee series on B.C. architecture has been supported by the Canada Council for the Arts. Grdadolnik is an architecture critic and educator, who begins doctoral studies in the Cities Programme at the London School of Economics and Political Science this fall.  [Tyee]

17  Comments:

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  • Working Man

    5 years ago

    Comments on "How to Create Great Buildings"

    Most of the work I do is just in this vein. For a small extra cost one can make a blank concrete edifice into a really cool one with local art embossed on it for example. Concrete can be polished and made look like marble. Your child's grade one picture can be cast on it. All it takes is the will and a little extra cash.

    Great buidlings with great design last the test of time. Look at the Sun Building and the Marine Building for example. Both were considered white elephants in their day. The faceless towers in Yaletown will not last the test of time.

  • Steve P

    5 years ago

    It would have been nice to read an analysis or see photos or some of the winning Quebecois projects: how were they better?

    This would help debunk the argument-from-resentment that the GG award is more political than merit-based.

  • Capitalism

    5 years ago

    WM:

    I am interested to learn about the type of work you do. I am involved in the materials supply business.

    Though I am not an expert in development, I do know a little about it given that some of our customers are developers.

    Their project leaders seem to believe that every bit of extra detail adds up very, very quickly and can make the difference between a profitable and unprofitable development.

    In higher end developments, people are willing to pay a premium for this detail. However, in most newer developments - people are not.

    So I would believe that these costs wouldn't be so small after-all. You have to realize that these people operate on margins, which are actually quite low. However, the projects are so big that a 5% margin can equal a $10M profit for the developer.

    Every $10K you spend here and there - is 10K the risk taker doesn't make! So, as a cost of the project - this cost might be small. However, the percentage of the profit may be much, much larger.

    Now - this article seems to give private developers are free pass and focus on the government builders. To this, I say I agree.

    I have no problems spending more money to improve the face of our city. Take the Library for example - this thing would have never been built by a private developer. It is an inefficient use of land and was very expensive. However, it brings Vancouverites a little bit of pride!

    I have no problems with spending on sky trains, nice buildings, etc. - these will return the favour in the increased flow of goods, less congestion and increased tourism as Vancouver's international reputation excels.

  • Working Man

    5 years ago

    Quote:
    Every $10K you spend here and there - is 10K the risk taker doesn't make

    That is very, very true. I work in specialty concrete products, mostly on small scales. Ever seen to cute leaves on the sidewalks in Yaletown? That was us! We also do motifs or art cast into any concrete surface of any size.

    The library is a masterpiece and I agree that a private developer would have never done it. Government designs buidling that will last for 200 years or more. I love working on government projects for because there is so much to learn from them. The specs you'll see on these jobs are spectacular. They are not that profitable but there is little risk as the project financing on my end is much cheaper on a public site.

    Anyway, I love what I do. I actually got my inspiration from the Commonwealth Pool in Saanich, built for the 1994 Commonwealth Games. What a masterpiece, one that my great grandchildren will enjoy!

  • zalm

    5 years ago

    It's interesting where the money goes sometimes. Speaking of government projects, my wife and I are just finishing separate aspects of a new ICU at a local hospital in Vancouver. As a government project, I'm not sure I agree with some of the previous sentiments that a little extra material and thought always costs more.

    On this project, a plain-jane design was developed and the first quantity survey was for just over $1 million. And then the staff got hold of it. They redesigned the workflow, moved walls, deleted some equipment we thought necessary and added others that we ("we"? perhaps I should say "they" - I wasn't involved yet) hadn't thought of.

    The next quantity survey ended up at $1.7 million. The hospital looked for additional funding and decided what to do - and in the meantime, a proper survey was made of the mechanical systems (where I came in) and we proved that the existing design not only wouldn't work on the hottest and coldest days when the medical isolation equipment was functioning, but could be made more efficient with slightly older, larger equipment and a better control strategy. (high-tech isn't always best!) The next quantity survey ended up at $2.2 million. As they began work (a year-long project) the architect squeezed the budget a bit and began to finalize some of the interior finishing. I have to admit, they earned their keep in making functional some of the more complicated aspects of the space.

    A budget reappraisal was conducted by an oversight authority (a bunch of lunatics, if you ask me) and came up with $2.4 million, with most of the increase coming in the mechanical quote, but declared they would fund it. We also came in with an energy budget at this time that announced $40,000 per year in utilities savings over the old design we redid - enough to pay back the cost of the mechanicals increase in 6 years. Which was true, even if we were the ones that came up with the figures....

    We are now a month away from occupancy, and with all kinds of improvements in lighting, materials, equipment and even allowing for staff time to redo some of the supplies and storage areas, we are coming in at $2.3 million. Clearly the architect's work cost not a penny extra, and I tell you, this unit really is a work of art. Not quite worth getting sick perhaps, but a panacaea if you are.

  • _brian_

    5 years ago

    Details do add up on projects. To design great buildings costs money. But when selling condos (which most of these buildings are in Vancouver) they sell for half a million, 3 million and up. The money made does not reflect the money spent if they sell for this much then the buildings should be great but buildings in Vancouver are bland or lame copies of something somewhere else. Not much inspires or creates the great city that we are all told we live in now. But then great buildings look good but if it does not work on a street level then it is all a failure anyway. Hence the lack of great new neighborhoods in Vancouver. The infrastructure is built with the idea that people will move in and make idilic neighborhoods. But most of these new areas are cold, generic and lifeless compared to cities that have grown slower with buildings build based upon a social, cultural need not a need to make lots of cash by developers.

  • Skookum1

    5 years ago

    As with the comment on the projects in Quebec, it would have been nice if this article came with photos of the gasbar/store in Moricetown, and the projects in Prince George.

    "Sameness" is a curse of the pseudo-suburbanization of a lot of small BC towns; which used to have their own visual identity, with Penticton even having a different atmosphere from Kelowna, and Mission from Maple Ridge, and so on. What's the difference between the new Save-On plaza in Mission, and the one in Langley? Zilch. Does a minimall in Richmond look all that much different from one in Coquitlam; no - except for the dominance of Chinese-language signs in one, and Korean-language signs in another.

    I was struck by the car-based plaza shopping in Japan and Korea on my travel through there, how much it looked pretty much like anything here; same with a lot of the new and supposedly "hip" London, where glass and steell and neon are supposed to be "cool", relative to the graciousness of the old-style British architecture....

    It doesn't help that builders and investors are always trying to cut costs, so going with established building/design formats rather than shelling out for something new; or simply finding a builder who has new ways of building things and nice ideas about what things can look like (i.e. who needs an architect if you're got a creative craftsman running the job?). Bernard Thor, who built the "troll house" aka the "mushroom house" in Emerald Estates in Whistler is a good example; just a hippie contractor with a lot of daring.

    Conversely, despite all Whistler's stringent design and materials by-laws, can you tell any one part of the village from any other part of the village? And despite the variation throughout private residential design in that most over-designed of all municipalities, there's an unfortunate "sameness" to the whole. But it's an exception; a glance at the new strips in Squamish gives a foretaste of what's to come in the spread of suburbanization in the new MegaLowerMainland the government is having wet dreams about.

    Parting shot: a couple of months ago I made a stab at trying to work at ItalDecor in Burnaby, which is near where I live; turned out to be backbreaking work and I couldn't keep at it (I'm 50) but it was fascinating. One facet of their work is restoration/preservation of old ornamental architecture - sculptural friezes and the like, and occasional new design. Working there re-tuned me in to all the fine detail on the older buildings around Vancouver - art deco, Edwardian, Victorian and otherwise. I still don't understand why "modern design" discounts the value of organic design - floral motifs, human shapes, geometric elaborations - and prefers blank, blank, and blank, and big blocks of same; and steel and glass; all so inhuman and DEADENING to urban life and psychology. What's with that, anyway?

    Second parting shot: for over 15 years or more the Lillooet Tribal Council has been trying to raise funds for a St'at'imc Cultural Centre in downtown Lillooet; the design is an elaboration of the pit-house design - a semi-sunken earth pit capped by a log-frame dome. Nice design, beautiful if ever built; and definitely needed and worth it. But for some reason Whistler gets all the heritage dough in the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District; for their museum (for a town that has little history) and a tourist-oriented "native cultural centre".....

  • Grumpy

    5 years ago

    Quote:
    I have no problems with spending on sky trains, nice buildings, etc. - these will return the favour in the increased flow of goods, less congestion and increased tourism as Vancouver's international reputation excels.

    Funny Cap. that you so staunchly support SkyTrain, when the owners of the proprietary system refused to let it compete with LRT for proposed transit lines, in a true free enterprize system. Ah Cap. it is a true Capitalist transit system, pure monopoly. Elevated transit systems are ugly and is one of the main reasons very few cities build them. of course RAV isn't SkyTrain, but when the free enterprizers in the PPP wanted to build the subway on the cheap, they went for a generic metro system.

    Cap. why wouldn't TransLink and the Libs let much cheaper LRT into the fray? Well let me tell you in true capitalist language - Campbell and Co. wanted to funnel more than $1.5 billion into his friends pockets legally, well you only fund a $2.5 billion subway and not a $800 million LRT line. Tou see Cap. Liberal free emterprise is the fine art of overpaying for mega project in such a way to deliver more taxpayer dollars into your political friends pocket legally. See Cap. this wahat Capitalism was, is, and forever will be, legal rape of the taxpayers dollars!

  • Charles Campbell

    5 years ago

    Skookum, Moricetown gas bar is photo 6, PG airport 9 and 10, if memory serves.

  • freebear

    5 years ago

    Remember the book by Kuntsler: Geography of Nowhere.

    Template architecture and planning.

  • wellherewegoagain

    5 years ago

    Wellherewegoagain:
    I have loads of problems with the construction boom at this time: 1 - It is impossible for any city to really look at the architectural, mechanical, electrical etc plans and approve it properly (no personal, no time, no money); 2- Profit stop inovation and creativity; 3 - Safety is a non-existent item in most projects meetings, besides of : You will meet the existing level of governemnts safety regulations. 4 - I heard the following comment from an engineer that has more than 20 year experience in Vancouver: "30 year morgage, with a 5-10 year warranty for windows and doors and building envelopes, as well as insurance on envelopes that cover less than half of the actual cost of the envelope at the present time... uhmmm we are heading for disaster. In 5 years the leaky condo scandal will seems like a small problem, compared with the scale of problems city and owners will face every where. I agree with Grumpy.
    I witnessed the following comment, not long ago: "Hey you guys, Gordo is great. He promised to shake the money tree and we needed only to vaccum the public money that came down. And he kept his promise. We are making money like crazy."
    And we taxpayer are loosing money like there is no tommorrow.
    Why didn't someone place Gordo in jail for drunk and drive?

  • Bob Rogers

    5 years ago

    I wonder what criteria are used to establish the winners of these awards. I wonder if the mainenance people are ever asked what they think.
    I work in a mausoleum which has good space, looks good but is a dog to heat/aircondition and is a nightmare for the maintenance and cleaning people.
    The problem is that probably all architects have had no floor time in the operation and maintence of buildings. This can result in thngs like tables and chairs stored on floors other than where they are used. I deal with this sort of thing daily and would like to smack the architect's head against one of his beautiful ceadar beams.
    Cheers:
    Bob

  • Skookum1

    5 years ago

    Quote:
    I wonder what criteria are used to establish the winners of these awards. I wonder if the mainenance people are ever asked what they think.

    You know those little decals near the front of BC Transit buses? The ones that saw "award-winning transporation system" or "best of.." or whatever? The organization that "granted" them is composed of BC Transit/TransLink and some other smaller transit monopoly somewhere else; sounds fancy, but it's a party of two...

    Same deal with Global's brag that Kevin Newman's National broadcast was "voted best news program" and "best investigative reporting" and yadayada. But who else is in the lineup for such awards? CHUM and CBC, and who has more votes? Uh-huh, y'see. Same deal with the Junos; voting in-house is a sure-fire deal, and people get to pretend (but only pretend) that it's as important as the Oscars and Golden Globes. And the Golden Globes, they're all puff'n'stuff and something of a joke; but it's the glamour, baby; it's tinsel, so who cares?

    Same deal with these awards architects give each other. I'd say a "people's choice" award would be much more relevant; or, better yet, throw it over to the art critics and don't let "architecture critics" in on the vote.

    They're responsible for such atrocities as declaring the "classic Bauhaus" or whatever it is of the Vancouver City College building at Hamilton & Pender as having significant heritage value, as if it were beautiful, which of course it's not (being boring and crass and stale and downright ugly, as a lot of modernist work tends to be, especially once it ages; ditto, big-time, with SFU).

    I still can't get over the retro-futurism of the new Whitecaps Stadium. That's supposed to be forward-looking and eye-catching? Gimme a break; looks like rehashed Expo-era design, which itself was a rehash of Expo '67 and even older spaceframe designs from the 1950s. They could have at least asked Frank Gehry to design the stadium; same deal with the expanded "new and improved" Trade and Convention Centre, which is another big glass box that might as well be a WalMart or a Canadian Tire.

  • Skookum1

    5 years ago

    Quote:
    Skookum, Moricetown gas bar is photo 6, PG airport 9 and 10, if memory serves.

    Thanks, Charles; didn't see the "Photo Gallery" link. Of all of them I'd take the Moricetown thing as the best. BTW it's Skookum1 ("Skookum-one", not "Skookum"). There's other Skookums out in cyberland, y'see....

  • realisticman

    5 years ago

    Strange to not see much comment on this article, that talks about the look of our public places. Perhaps the largest 'things' that we create to form our cities, towns and parks are not much discussed yet we see them, go inside and through them, work in them and live in them.

    It reminds me of the NDP minister saying that there would be no more 'candy arsed architects' building fancy and elaborate schools in BC. What a statement! As though an attractive and carefully considered environment for learning was, without question, not what our children should have. One would expect a comment like this from a silly uneducated child, not from a minister.

    The recent exhibition of educational facilities in Finland, at the Pendulum Gallery, clearly shows inspiring places and spaces that are a pleasure to be in.

    BC has many good architects, more articles from Helena Grdadolnik and others will hopefully stimulate discussion and encourage people to consider the values and benefits to our society that are derived from fine architecture, and also ensure that our architects are appreciated.

  • realisticman

    5 years ago

    This is the link for more information on the awards and how they are chosen:

    http://www.raic.org/raic/honours_and_awards/awards/gg-2006recipients/index_e.htm

  • realisticman

    5 years ago

    By the way, I found that quote, it was by Hon. Paul Ramsey, NDP Education Minister, page C8 Globe and Mail, September 5, 1998. "the first thing you do when you build a school is you don't hire a fancy-assed architect", he went on saying that future schools "are not going to be monuments to architectural inventiveness". Naturally, the NDP cut the schools construction budgets by more than 20% and demanded more "cookie cutter" designs.

    In her Globe article Adele Weder says that Ramsay was aiming his wrath particularly at the award winning Strawberry Vale School, by Patkau Architects which had been published in a dozen prestigious design journals. Note, in the article above,

    Quote:
    Patkau Architects, a respected Vancouver firm, benefited from the appreciation of architecture culture in la belle province for la Grande Bibliothèque de Quebec in Montreal

    The NDP clearly forced local architects to look outside of BC for commissions.

    Let's hope that Paul Ramsay, his NDP comrades and his depressing and uninspiring basic-boxes-for-kids ideology stays in the boonies!

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