Opinion

Wish We Had BC's Political System in US!

So says a Seattle-based sustainability researcher who closely watches our province.

By Alan Durning, 31 Mar 2010, TheTyee.ca

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'Canada rules' says Sightline's Durning.

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The undemocratic design of the U.S. Senate is a huge obstacle to progress in America's Northwest where I live. How did the Senate get set up in the first place?

Richard Rosenfeld, writing six years ago in Harper's answers that question. The 1787 Constitutional Convention created the Senate in a triply-split vote won by states representing just one third of the fledgling nation's (free, white, male, propertied) electorate. In doing so, the convention rejected Common Sense author Thomas Paine's plea for a one-chamber, popularly elected legislature.

Instead, it essentially imported the British system of government of the time, as filtered through the writings of John Adams: a limited monarch in the person of the president; the Senate to replicate the House of Lords and speak for the aristocracy of landowners; and the House to speak for democracy.

Most U.S. states, including those in the Northwest, modeled their own governments on the federal system: two houses and a separately elected governor (plus, especially in the Northwest, many other elected statewide officials).

Britain, after the American colonies left, abandoned this model. Rosenfeld writes, "By the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949, the House of Lords can no longer veto acts of the House of Commons and can no longer delay legislation for more than a year. Although the British monarchy retains a theoretical veto over acts of the British Parliament, no monarch has dared to exercise that prerogative for nearly three hundred years. Today, the House of Commons reigns supreme on legislative and executive matters. The monarch and the House of Lords have merely advisory roles." In short, Britain followed Thomas Paine, the radical American revolutionary; the United States followed the British system it had rebelled against, stoked by Paine's inspired pamphleteering ("These are the times that try men's souls").

The Canadian approach

(Warning: Canadian readers may want to skip ahead. I'm going to sketch Canadian government for American readers.) Canada has essentially the newer British system: a popularly elected parliament that combines executive and legislative branches, with each member representing a like-population district, plus a largely ceremonial upper house (called the Senate in Canada) and ceremonial allegiance to the British monarchy as titular head of state. The leader of the parliamentary majority is the head of government, the prime minister. In the U.S. context, imagine if the Speaker of the House also served as President. (In British Columbia's one-house parliamentary government, the leader of the majority party in the legislative assembly becomes premier, which is the provincial equivalent of the prime minister.)

The case of the carbon tax

Having spent the last 16 years studying policy and politics in the Cascadia region, including the province of British Columbia, I've grown convinced that the parliamentary system is just plain better. It's more adaptable to contemporary circumstances, engages citizens better, and matches responsibility for addressing public needs with accountability for doing so. It allows a party that wins a legislative majority to implement its program swiftly and decisively. It allows the opposition a forum to voice its views -- in fact, to furiously debate and critique the government's policies. Every few years, it gives voters a chance to decide if they want different leadership, typically in an election campaign that lasts just weeks.

An example: British Columbia's leaders announced a carbon tax shift in February 2008, enacted it in May, and began collecting it in July. This speed and decisiveness would have been impossible in any of the Northwest states. When elected officials have authority to implement their decisions, it does not lead to the erratic "mob rule" that John Adams and some other framers of the US Constitution feared. Instead, it makes them intensely aware of their accountability. It dramatically raises the stakes in elections, because voters hold leaders accountable: the governing party defended its carbon tax shift in an intense, closely fought, and vigorously argued election in May 2009.

A fully empowered parliamentary government does not always bring policies that I like -- far from it! But when voters know that governments have the power to implement their programs, it does convince them that elections matter. I would happily trade some policy setbacks for a healthier and governable democracy -- a system of governance that can actually implement solution to the towering challenges of our era.

The parliamentary system -- and the greater public trust and democratic engagement it yields -- explains much that I admire about Canada. Far more than any cultural or ideological differences between Americans and Canadians, the design of Canada's democracy explains why Canada provides health insurance to more of its citizens, why it maintains a stronger system of public education, why it raises revenue through a more uniform, green, and progressive system of taxation and why it boasts dramatically more compact, transit-oriented cities.

Shorter: Canada rules, because of Canada's rules for making rules.  [Tyee]

26  Comments:

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  • bluerev

    2 years ago

    different view

    It's nice to see an outsiders perspective on our system of government. Ours is far from perfect, it would be nice to see some sort of better representative form of electing our government, but it is also nice to see what we are doing well at. I for one don't want to see an American style government here in Canada, fixed election dates are making the BC opposition party(ies) pretty silent in non-election years already. However, having a one chamber house does make for a more efficient legislature. Thank you for showing what we are doing well, and hopefully we, together, will figure out how we can make this system more democratic.

  • Grumpy

    2 years ago

    I think he is dreaming in Technicolor!

    In the USA, the electorate actually has a say in what taxes are passed and how tax money is used. No such thing in BC, where the Premier can do what he damn well pleases, with no threat of of voter backlash.

    BC's carbon tax is mere 'Greenwash' as the tax goes to general revenue and not into dedicated areas like transit (true carbon tax) or tree replanting.

    The chap who wrote this also does not mention that almost 50% of the electorate did not vote, which is sure sign of a weak political system and a complete distrust of the government.

    If the basis for better government rest with the carbon tax, then I think his entire premise is a joke as the carbon tax was brought in by a cash strapped government, looking at huge financial shortfall because of complete fiscal mismanagement.

    Let me repeat again, the carbon tax is a gas tax and a tax on the poor.

    And the voter; can't do a damn thing about it.

    Go peddle your nonsense somewhere else.

  • G West

    2 years ago

    Carbon Tax

    I hope you're reading this Mr Durning.
    Sounds an awful lot to me as if you've been smoking some BC bud.

    Campbell's GAS TAX is not a carbon tax - it is nothing but a money laundry - in fact, including administrative costs it's a money loser for the BC Finance ministry AND, more important, it has not taken one polluting vehicle off the road; reduced the consumption of carbon based fuels one litre; had any affect upon the production of greenhouse gases and assisted one individual to take public transit rather than his or her car to work.

    It was and is, simple smoke and mirrors - You need to look a lot more closely at affairs across the border then you have.

    Furthermore, the Campbell Tax doesn't apply to airlines, cruise ships or maritime bulk traffic.

    So, don't spend too much time mooning about the effectiveness of a political regime you clearly know nothing about.

    Cheers though. You have to be very careful about who you listen to - there are still a few folks singing in the Campbell choir - despite the fact it has been seriously out of tune for years.

  • Takuan

    2 years ago

    is he wishing for a system

    where government does what it pleases and no one votes?

  • snert

    2 years ago

    Just be really.....

    careful what you wish for!

  • P. Markunas

    2 years ago

    carbon tax = wedge issue

    Much has already been said, but just to be clear look up
    wedge issue.

    And thanks for recognizing the good in our system. Would that we who are closer could see it and put it to use.

  • G West

    2 years ago

    P.Markunas

    I agree that the Campbell tax constituted a wedge issue of short-term effect...he and his advisors thought to alienate some traditional support for the opposition by adopting a measure which was 'sold' as an effective way to address AGW.

    While that may have worked - although I doubt it – (because the electorate in BC is not all that different from that of an American state and BC traditionally and historically votes for right wing governments about 80 % of the time (since 1950)) - the Campbell Tax has no legs as a wedge issue now because it is so transparently useless as a way to effectively address environmental concerns. Furthermore, the other aspect of the Campbell Tax which has been promoted outside this province is the ‘idea’ of revenue neutrality. Since its inception, the financial results of the tax in operation have proved that it is not only not ‘neutral’ it is, in fact, an additional drag on the treasury such that it is now sucking funds from other programs…

    Even the compromised faction of the environmental movement would be hard pressed to find much good to say about it now.

    I'm not sure that says very much 'good' about our system - something so easily and dishonestly manipulated is little better than what our American friends have to deal with.

  • avandoc

    2 years ago

    the grass seems Greener

    I've lived in both countries and see both as highly flawed in their democratic processes. The common factor is a first-pats-the-post electoral system that fosters political duopoly and divisive politics. The political "debate" in Canada is less shrill than in the U.S., but in both countries, many voices are marginalized because small parties are unable to elect any representative, hence many people lack incentive to vote. One is left with two dominant parties that are often fighting over a narrow terrain.

    I like the fact that in electing state officials, a citizen can directly vote for several offices, including the executive. In the provinces, one gets only one vote, which effectively elects your legislative representative and the executive. That to me seems less democratic. Canada does have a robust tradition of public consultation, which is admirable, but I've been unconvinced that the results are taken seriously anymore by people with real power.

    A truly pluralistic system would permit multiple parties to function with less posturing and unilateral policy-making, and more collaboration and even consensus. That might work well in a parliamentary system with multi-member representation. And then we would need reform of campaign financing, the role of corporate media, etc.

    Unfortunately, as soon as anyone talks about democratic reform, most people reach for their Blackberry, drink, TV remote, or whatever will change the channel. This topic is way too wonky for most Canadians and Americans, so we’re stuck with a dysfunctional system that allows Gordon Campbell to pretend to be deep Green. He has even fooled smart people like Mr. Durning.

  • P. Markunas

    2 years ago

    @ GWest

    "Even the compromised faction of the environmental movement would be hard pressed to find much good to say about it now."

    Well, the ones I talk to still have a lot to say about it.

    The NDP conceded they were wrong to take the position they did, regardless whether right or wrong from a public policy perspective it did waste a week of precious campaign time fighting rearguard action rather than finding footing on the economy.

    The scheduled lifts in the tax only run to July 2012. I wonder how this might be turned to a campaign issue in 2013? Greens demanding tax increase from Liberal government with many excuses for not doing it - NDP contemplating woeing the ones who inflicted the pain in the 2009 election by joining in the demand for a tax increase that will do nothing to help build schools or pay teachers, yet no one accepts is revenue neutral.

    See, there is good here.

  • G West

    2 years ago

    NDP CONCEDED

    Don't think so!

    The NDP agreed to stop talking about it - everyone I know thinks the battle should have been fought a lot harder - beginning when the bill was introduced at the start of the year - and not waiting until the campaign started.

    There is no good in the campbell tax; certainly nothing green about it. I just hope the NDP doesn't make the same mistake relative to the HST and actually fights the thing to the last drop of blood.

    The people aren't dead - they're just asleep.

    I ran into Carole James in the James Bay Thrifty's on the weekend - all by herself - doing her family shopping.

    There is something comforting in the fact that the opposition leader can walk around her home community without the hangers on who keep Campbell out of trouble but I'm afraid its time for her to either pick up the cudgels and fight or to step aside and let someone deal with these issues in a way which makes an impression on the electorate.

    It wasn't the fact the NDP opposed the Campbell Tax, it was the absolutely stupid way they went about it.

    As for the "environmentalists", most of the folks I know who call themselves 'that' seem to spend most of their time arguing with AGW denialists about what's happening to some glaciers in Nepal. The odd one like Suzuki still try to make the case for Campbell's tax - but then, he's always been a lot more concerned with his 'image' than he is about change for the people who really need it.

  • nutsnbolts

    2 years ago

    Alan Durning

    I don't think you understand Canada's political system. We have, both provincially and federally, fascist rule. B.C. has a EDITED FOR LEGAL REASONS and finances. Gordon Camlpbell and his B.C. Liberal party have the worst environmental record and by far, the largest deficit in history. Campbell and his Liberals only survive because the main stream media is in bed with them and reports nothing serious about what they are doing to this once great province. If ever anything is mentioned or printed it is so distorted it no longer resembles any truth at all.
    Federally we have a minority government which helps a bit but only Quebec and Ontario votes decide who the government will be, based on population alone. The rest of Canada may as well stay home because collectively our votes don't actually register. Canada desperately needs a new voting system, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION, where all people's votes are counted.
    You need to do far more research and send a new comment when you fully understand how bad the situation really is in Canada.

  • greengreen

    2 years ago

    Off the topic, but....

    I believe you to be 100% wrong about David Suzuki and just don't think you should get a way with your statement unchallenged. One of our greatest Canadians for sure. Intelligent beyond words, dedicated,selfless, courageous, determined and principled. One great human being!

  • frank2

    2 years ago

    A real carbon tax would be a

    A real carbon tax would be a good thing -- if it applies to fossil fuel industry, if subsidies to that industry were removed, and if the proceeds were used for something greener than reducing corporate and individual income taxes. Rebates to low income folks apparently cease to compensate them this year.

    How has Campbell pulled the green wool over the eyes of so many ostensibly sophisticated people? Can his secret be replicated for more desirable purposes?

  • G West

    2 years ago

    oh really

    Great Canadians don't do this:

    http://thetyee.ca/Views/2009/06/09/DavidSuzuki/

    I don't think I'm 100% wrong at all. Intelligent, dedicated, selfless, courageousm, determined and principled people don't act like children when someone disagrees with them.

  • Des

    2 years ago

    Maybe I'm Misinterpreting

    Durning, but I read his explanation of Campbell's tax as an example of how the Canadian system can get a proposal enacted expeditiously. As opposed to what we see happening in the USA now with Health Insurance not being available for another two or three years.

    You folks in B.C. are much closer to Campbell so I'll defer to your intense dislike of the man. But I don't believe that Proportional Representation will resolve that emotional firestorm.

  • G West

    2 years ago

    erratum

    That's 'courageous'...

  • W Laurier

    2 years ago

    Really?

    "Gordon Camlpbell (sic) and his B.C. Liberal party have the worst environmental record and by far, the largest deficit in history."

    Worse that those of Alberta? Well, I stand corrected. Where are our tar sands, btw?

  • North of Hope

    2 years ago

    "Our tar sands"

    "Our tar sands" are in the north east where coal shale gas is being mined and hydrogen sulphide (sour gas) is being released in the atmosphere some near communities. And it is in the pipeline that is planned to transport the bitumen from the tar sands to Kitimat where it is to be shipped along the west coast.

  • greengreen

    2 years ago

    Not perfection, human greatness

    I said a "great human being" and a "great Canadian.....not a great non-human or great supernatural being. I am going to have to assume that for you there is no such thing as a "great" human being. A little dust up negates 50 years of service to humanity? Give me a break. Other great human beings: Tommy Douglas, Dr. Martin L. King, Nelson Mandela...none of them "perfect", just passionate, altruistic, courageous etc. Mr. Douglas had many fiery sessions, Mr. King had a bit of an infidelity issue. Considering what they achieved in their lifetimes, their little imperfections hardly disqualify them from the class of great human beings.

  • Scott Schneider

    2 years ago

    Binational Canadian/American

    Hi Folks,

    While Alan's comments nail certain basics correctly about the superior flexibility and representative aspects of the Parliamentary model, he's perhaps overly sanguine about the superiority of the Canadian political system today vs. America's.

    This judgment is not made carelessly, but only after lived extensively in both countries.

    For far more specific details, please see:

    http://scottschneider.dbetv.com/american-declares-canada-superior-to-his-own-country-251

  • G West

    2 years ago

    50 years of 'service' to humanity?

    Really...after his stint as a part-time freedom rider in the States - David spent his time as a rock-star Genetics lecturer at UBC; a radio performer and now a TV star.

    What have I missed?

    He lives in a house worth a couple of million dollars in Vancouver, has a failed marriage [UNVERIFIABLE CLAIM REMOVED. -MODERATOR.] to his credit and a foundation that's led by an exective director who is an advertising flake and Gordon Campbell acolyte.

    What service to humanity? Please, tell me.

  • realisticman

    2 years ago

    GWest

    "I ran into Carole James in the James Bay Thrifty's on the weekend - all by herself - doing her family shopping."

    Interesting; these people not shopping in a BC owned market. Particularly after Jimmy gave Glen a job. The Thrifty stores are attractive and well designed though.

  • greengreen

    2 years ago

    Missing a lot.

    Not fair to take up all the space here....Perhaps, read his autobiography. Might bring about a little humility when one considers his own accomplishments. Yes, there are great human beings, and for me, D.S. is definitely one of them.

  • zalm

    2 years ago

    It's not?

    "Interesting; these people not shopping in a BC owned market. "

    If the Campbells don't own it any more, who does? And how are we ever supposed to find out?

    Surely not more laws?

  • greengreen

    2 years ago

    A great place to shop

    Alex Campbell retired and sold Thrifty's quite a while ago. Sobey's, the eastern chain, is the new owner (I think). If not, then another "biggee".
    Campbell treated his staff like gold, which was so obvious when I shopped there. It was a treat to go there, knowing how well the staff were treated. As Alex once said...if you treat your staff properly, they won't need a union. How true!
    As well, I have never experienced a company that gave back so much to the community. Kind of on par with Credit Unions.
    As I no longer live on the island, I don't know if there have been any changes since the sale.
    Due to the two factors mentioned,Thrifty's became quite a success story, and many love to shop there. Many socially-conscious people make it their store of choice...I'm sure not surprised that Carole James would make that choice!

  • G West

    2 years ago

    greengreen

    I have - read his biography that is...and I like David - know him personally and sat beside him when his daughter graduated in the same convocation with my son - but that doesn't mean I think he's a Canadian “hero” like you do. I'm quite a bit younger than he is but I'm just not into hero worship...but then I knew him at UBC when I was a student there.

    That's all. He fucked up on the gas tax and his support for Gordon Campbell and, in my view, he fucked up very badly.

    We have the lowest minimum wage in Canada and the most children living in poverty - David's fascination with a phony money laundry means that those problems are going to go unsolved for another 4 years and the BC Liberals will have made them that much worse – while doing nothing for the environment at all.

    I think he reacted so badly to what Tieleman said and wrote because he knows, in his heart, that it's true.

    Thrifty's is as local as you can get in Victoria – certainly far more local than Jimmy the P’s supermarket - the store Ms James shops is within easy walking distance of her home. Doing her shopping there and walking to and fro, like most of us in the area do, is a very smart choice for her and the rest of the neighbourhood community.

    Sobey's bought out the Campbell family a bit more than a year ago and there are some signs of rot in the chain now (more and more Sobey’s house brands, for example), but it still employs local people (including one man confined to a wheelchair in the James Bay store - that's for you R/man) and they stock local Island produce, seafood, meats and cheeses.

    Like many entrepreneurial families, the Campbells couldn't seem to find a way to pass the baton down the generation...

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