News

Forest Oversight Buzz Sawed

Public servants who policed forest practices have been decimated, says a new report. Can B.C. timber firms be trusted to police themselves?

By Chris Tenove, 7 Dec 2004, TheTyee.ca

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Dave Chutter, MLA for the Yale-Lillooet riding, sat at the front of the Lillooet Recreation Centre before a seething crowd. Nearly 400 people had come to vent their confusion, frustration and anger. This was February 28th, 2002, just a few weeks after the provincial government had dropped the hammer on the town. More than 50 public service jobs would be cut, most of them from the local office of the Ministry of Forests.

When Lyle Knight got the chance to speak, the engineering technician asked his colleagues from the Forest Service to stand. “I want you to look at the faces of people whose jobs you just took away,” Knight told Chutter.

Over the last four years, more than 800 people have been cut from the Ministry of Forests, according to Axing the Forest Service—a report released today by the BC Chapter of the Sierra Club of Canada. These job losses are part of the massive public sector cutbacks under the provincial Liberal government. But the job cuts in the ministry also coincided with a drastic change in the province’s approach to forestry. To a degree that unsettles many observers, the Liberals new “results-based” strategy shifts responsibility for monitoring forest health away from government and toward private industry.

Critics note that just a few years ago, government officials caught private timber firms trying to mislead the province on timber appraisals worth millions of dollars.

With logging companies increasingly asked to monitor their own activities, do we really know what’s going on in B.C.’s woods?

Black Thursday’s cuts

Lyle Knight and his 34 colleagues at the Ministry of Forests (MOF) district office in Lillooet knew that cuts were coming. But when they were herded into the boardroom and saw Greg Koyl – the assistant deputy minister – they knew something big was happening. “It was a devastating day,” Knight says. “When they announced that our office was closing, there were guys in their forties and fifties with tears streaming down their faces.”

Those cuts came on “Black Thursday” – January 17, 2002 – the day that the provincial Liberals announced their plan to make the deepest public sector cutback in Canadian history.

Eleven MOF district offices have closed in the last three years, including the one in Lillooet. The largest job loss in the MOF occurred in Victoria, but 647 out of the 800 lost positions came from smaller communities around the province.

According to the Sierra Club report, nearly 40 percent of the 800 positions cut from Forests were Scientific Technical Officers like Lyle Knight in Lillooet. These employees make up a large part of the Forest Service’s compliance and enforcement staff. Dramatic cuts were also made to personnel in silviculture (responsible for reforestation), forest inventory (assessments of logging and recreation possibilities for forest terrain around the province), scaling (measuring and valuing logs), and research. The authors of the Sierra Club report argue that reductions in monitoring and research are particularly dangerous now that B.C.’s forests are threatened by pine beetle infestations, busy fire seasons, and other dangers exacerbated by global climate change.

Liberals opposed NDP’s cuts

The Liberal cuts to the Forest Service come on the heels of cutbacks made by the previous New Democrat government. When in opposition, the Liberals did not always approve of cuts to the MOF. In 1998, George Abbott – then Liberal forestry critic and now Minister of Sustainable Resource Management – criticized the NDP when they announced a $7 million cut in the MOF’s research funding. Abbott told the Vancouver Sun that cutbacks like this might “degrade the quality of our forests.” Any harm to B.C.’s forests will affect the provincial economy, Abbott warned.

At the same time that they have chopped away at the ranks of the MOF, the Liberals have introduced an entirely new forestry regime. Forests Minister Mike de Jong unveiled the Liberal “results-based” strategy in the fall of 2002. According to the new approach, government sets the sustainability objectives, but forest companies are given more flexibility to decide how to meet them. This shift is supposed to reduce the costs and “green tape” that industry encounters. The new legislation, called the Forest and Range Practices Act, took effect January 31, 2004.

George Hoberg, head of the Department of Forest Resources Management at theUniversity of British Columbia, says that industry and government are still trying to iron out their respective responsibilities. “We’ve moved from one model – the Forest Practices Code, which was never fully implemented – to a new model, the definition of which is uncertain,” says Hoberg. (In 2002, Professor Hoberg led a consultative process to hear concerns about changes to forest management before they went into effect. ).

New costs to industry

Industry might not be able or willing to carry out all the functions that the Forest Service is trying to shed, says Hoberg. “The whole purpose of the Liberal New Era reforms was to reduce cost to industry,” he says, “so there’s been real tension between government and industry over that shift in responsibilities.”

Professor Hoberg worries that forest management around the province might suffer if neither the government nor industry will take on the duties previously assigned to the MOF. “It’s hard to make high-quality decisions about how to use the land base when you don’t even have adequate measurement of inventory, adequate monitoring, or knowledge of basic processes through research,” he says.

The new strategy also shifts more responsibility onto professional foresters, who can now certify the plans made by private companies to log public lands. In fact, according to this year’s Forest Statutes Amendment Act – which amends the Liberals’ own Forest and Range Practices Act – government officials will be extremely limited in their ability to review plans made by professional foresters.

‘Conflict of interest’

“There are obvious conflict of interest issues here,” says Andrew Gage, a staff lawyer with West Coast Environmental Law.  Gage believes that most foresters will be principled enough to put forward plans that are unpopular with their employers. But he worries that some will be unduly influenced by their employer’s bottom line.

“Their jobs are ultimately reliant on the forest companies,” says Gage. “It’s unfair to continually put the professional foresters in situations where they might have to put the public interest over their employer.”

Gage argues that the Forest Statues Amendment Act – also known as Bill 33 – is “part of a series of legislative changes that are designed to offload government responsibilities onto industry or to private professionals hired by industry.

“What you’d expect, if our fears are realized, is an increase in problems like landslides or like damage to endangered species habitat. Basically, when it comes to decisions that balance the private and public interest, there may be a consistent bias for making choices that favors the forest companies over the public.”

MOF easier to mislead

Verne Rasmussen, a Forest Protection Technician who works with the Ministry of Forests in Lillooet, has a similar concern. He’s one of five MOF officials left in Lillooet, working out of a small building next to the large – and now deserted – MOF district office. Rasmussen worries that some loggers will be tempted to take shortcuts, knowing that there will be fewer inspections by MOF officials.

He also suspects that some companies are paying the minimum stumpage rate – 25 cents a cubic metre – for timber that should be worth more. (Stumpage rates are the amount the province charges companies to log forests—rates are set according to the quality of timber and the ease with which it can be removed.)

“It’s like giving people the key to the grocery store and asking them to put money in the till when their done,” says Rasmussen. “[Loggers] have to make money, fine, but when they can cut corners I’m sure some people will do it.”

That’s a valid concern. Back in 2001, a MOF investigation found that companies were misleading the ministry in their timber appraisals. That same year, the Sierra Legal Defence Fund released a report on the industry practice and estimated that it could have cost the province $138 million over the previous 15-month period. In one case, according to a subsequent investigation by the Vancouver Sun, TimberWest paid only $22,700 for timber that was originally valued at $3.7 million.

Since then it has become even easier to mislead the MOF—according to the Sierra Club report released yesterday, cutbacks at MOF now mean that, on average, ministry scalers are able to examine just one out of every 147 truckloads of wood.

Rumours of shortcuts

Few people believe that the old forest practice codes were perfect. For decades the province allocated increasingly large timber harvests to industry, in order to maximize the government’s own revenues. But environmental issues, First Nations land claims, changes in technology and industry structure, and the United States softwood lumber tariffs have all made this system less appealing for government. The Liberals “results-based” strategy – handing more responsibility over to industry – is one way out of this thicket. But without adequate supervision, and without kind of research that private companies are reluctant to pay for, British Columbia’s woodlands are at risk.

Bain Gair, the publisher of the Bridge River – Lillooet News, says that rumors about shortcuts taken in the forests are just starting to trickle in to his office. But the that the only people deep enough in the forest to detect these problems are the loggers themselves, he says, and they are unlikely to report on each other’s infractions, let alone their own.

“Just now, we’re starting to hear stories of improper road-building and other kinds of practices that you expect might slip through with less MOF oversight,” Gair says. “But in the vast majority of cases, nobody will know about problems until it’s too late.”

Chris Tenove is a contributing editor for The Tyee.  [Tyee]

20  Comments:

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  • Ranbir (not verified)

    7 years ago

    Self-regulation doesn't work because the person doing the investigating has a vested-interest in the outcome. More independant scientific research is required in all industries.

  • allan (not verified)

    7 years ago

    We (bc) are about to be robbed blind over the next few years by an industry that has just been handed the keys to the entire province. The only returns to this province will be campaign contributions to a specific political party, which will be spent to bring US Republican campaigners up to help the party out. This at a time when fire and bugs are erasing huge healthy stands, sawmill closures are devestating small communities, yet the minister of the portfolio acts like some wind up doll that blathers on about how great the Americans are to deal with or what kind of SOBs they are and why don't we put a tariff on oil to show them. Massive profits for Weyerhaeuser Canada (a wholley owned subsiduary of Weyerhaeuser US is in my interests?

  • JC (not verified)

    7 years ago

    Just like forming so called health boards..loaded with seeded Liberals ..left to police themselves..Results have been a disaster so far and getting worse for health care .

  • Al Lehmann (not verified)

    7 years ago

    If you buy into the rhetoric of the private sector, there is no public interest. It doesn't exist. Or, if you will, public interest is only the sum of all private interests. So, the Liberals see the job of the government as turning as much of the public sphere as possible over to private interests (without causing total revolution among the 'lumpenproletariat' who don't count anyway). And if the worse than decimated forests ministry can't provide protection for 'public' resources it only stands as proof that the public sector isn't up to the job and that the private sector should be granted more control. People who work for the public sector are the victims of a wonderful double bind. If you're doing the job, you're inefficient because you cost too much. So, the government will cut you back in the interests of 'efficiency.' Then, when you've been cut off at the knees so you can't do the job properly at all, you've provided all the evidence they need to get rid of you entirely. What a wonderful scam. As Doc Daneeka said of catch-22, "It's the best there is."

  • Kano Yamashita (not verified)

    7 years ago

    And this gets me wondering... if timber companies are underpaying stumpage fees and misleading the Ministry of Forests on timber appraisals (as is implied here), doesn't that lend legimitacy to U.S. complaints of subsidizing? Well, the WTO has ruled in favour of Canada, so perhaps not. But it can't look good to the Americans. I can see why forestry companies there would be outraged that a huge logging area like B.C. is so inadequately regulated/monitored.

  • Sideshow Bob (not verified)

    7 years ago

    Since the logging companies are likely to cut corners in order to improve the bottom line, why not take away the ability to increase profits? Even if only 1 out of every 147 truckloads is inspected, if there is any problem found with how the one truckload is accounted for, fine the company for 500 truckloads worth of lumber, and take away any timber licenses they have. If the result of improper behaviour is bankruptcy, maybe we'd see some better behaviour.

  • trulib (not verified)

    7 years ago

    I agree Kano. Another major area open for abuse is where the logging companies trade off stumpage fees for road building to access the timber. I suspect they have done well in the past on that, and will be doing even better now.

  • bt (not verified)

    7 years ago

    Setting: It is bedtime in a sinister Victorian manner. The estate is surrounded by a wrought iron fench of great height and industrial pollution hangs heavy in the air. In the Dickension streets surrounding the guarded Poe-ish mansion are either beggars and the destitute or the well-to-do in all their symbolic regalia. The year is 2010. Spoiled, elitist brat: "Grandpapa, will you tell me again of the New Era?" Grandfather Gordo, recalling fondly: "Ah, the New Era - I remember it well!! It was a time of greed and corruption. It was a time of social inequity and despair!!!! Ah but men such as myself could do WELL (spoken in menacing gleeful tone) in the New Era!!!! maniacal laughter......." Raven Squawks, orange full moon disapears behind cloud. Fade to black. End scene.

  • Claudia (not verified)

    7 years ago

    Money means all to some. These new policies in our forests is the beginning of the end of them. Get lots of pictures for your grandkids, cause they wont believe you when you tell them that BC used to be full of trees, wildlife and salmon filled streams. This government is unbelievably shortsighted. Could they at least consider what their policies will make our province look like in 30 years??? Stupid...stupid...stupid

  • Jim (not verified)

    7 years ago

    Our forest industry has been terribly mismanaged for a long time and changes needed to be made. Of course there is going to be difficulties while every stakeholder figures the exact definition of their duties, but in time this will be a much better system than the one that killed the BC forest industry. I'm sure you guys would like the government to have their hand in everything but that’s not going to happen. I can assure you that the environmental damage being done today is far, far less than what has transpired over the land 100 years in this province. But because it's not a morally superior NDP government in power they're wrong. These companies that all you hate actually supply good jobs to a lot of people, but I guess public sector work is the only noble profession. Although this may not be the best system and changes will be needed it is a step in the right direction. In these post all I see is just another reason to jump on the Liberal bashing bandwagon. You make it sound like the Liberals are the first government to allow logging in our province. Bt, that is some classic rhetoric. One thing you did forget to mention though was that every year all the so called elite meet at a secret location in the mountains to figure out a way to screw the little guy. I here a lot of anti-Liberal rhetoric and thats about it.

  • trulib (not verified)

    7 years ago

    Jim, you give no indication at all that you know anything about the Forest industry in B.C. Your post is strictly 'name calling' with nothing to back it up. However, you are right about the Libs meeting with the corporate elite, although a lot more than once a year and likely not in the mountains.

  • bt (not verified)

    7 years ago

    hey jim where to begin? 1) the elite have met just as you described not more than 2 months ago. It was called the provincial liberal bi-annual convention and it took place in the proletariat mountain village of whistler.(this was just a week after they got their asses kicked in the surrey-panorama by-election.) The real policy discussions, privatization of everything currently public and creation of a mediaeval state consisting of slaves and overlords happened behind closed doors ofcourse. For public consumption, via disgraceful canwest(see point 3)) we got "no more junk food in bc schools!!!" and a kindler gentler machine gun hand liberal party. 2)two wrongs don't make a right. if the ndp allowed unsustainable resource extraction practices that should not give carte blanche to this bunch of crooks. one would hope that people learn from their predecessors mistakes. That we do not has probably doomed all of us. 3)atleast this forum gives people a chance to express their opinions. if you want rhetoric observe the disgraceful right wing pro-liberal punditry that permeates the corporate (canwest)media. no wonder the evil ba$%ards want the cbc disolved. If they ever get the cbc the tyee index wont be long after-beleive you me! when they came for the jews i looked the other way when they came for the gypsies i said nothing when they came for my neighbor i did not speak out when they came for me there was noone left to hear my scream

  • lynn (not verified)

    7 years ago

    Exactly, trulib, probably in Harrison Hot Springs. I think you miss the point Jim, no one is saying any past government has been perfect only that the present government has given carte blanche to logging in this province and that monitoring is inadequate, to say the least. In Powell River, we had logging happening across the street from a high density residential area. One of the logging trucks rolled over the bank, pulling down live hydro wires with it, that landed on resident's roofs, garages and the street for a couple of blocks. Mostly young families reside there with little children. You can imagine the terrifying feeling of people as to what to do and where their kids were playing when this happened.

    This is a national heritage area of town and has never been logged, except when the townsite was created. Just recently because of this same logging loosening the bank above these homes, one of the remaining trees fell on one of the homes nearly demolishing it. The only saving grace was that it was a rental home and between tenants at the time.

  • Colin (not verified)

    7 years ago

    I work with the MOF people and the other provincial agencies, these field people are overworked and overstressed. Now the government is slowly starting to hire again realizing they cut to far, but the damage is done, much of the corporate knowledge went out the door with the people. I also work with many of companies that work in the bush and quite a number of them are quite good. But one of their fears is that “gypo” outfits will be able to under bid them by cutting corners and slowly drive all the companies down their level in order to survive. One Forester told me that for all the complaining they did about the code, the companies now spend far less on road upkeep than they used to, so good practices certainly pay off over the longterm. I am also pleased by the efforts that many companies take to ensure habitat diversity in their cutblocks, certainly a change from the way they did things 20 years ago. We now have a generation of people working in the bush who grew up in a culture where their effect on the forest matters to them, that is worth it’s weight in gold. We need to make sure that it is not lost.

  • Bailey (not verified)

    7 years ago

    Dear Jim, Why do you lock your door when you go on holiday? Why do you lock your car when you park downtown? People are noble and trustworthy, and would never ever rip anybody off.

    Let's fire all the policemen while we're here, since we really don't need em. All we have to do is just ask everybody to look after themselves.

    In a pigs eye. This is obviously some kind of scam, we just don't know exactly what kind yet. But I bet we'll find out. As soon as it's too late.

  • DaveF (not verified)

    7 years ago

    Bailey .. proof gords ads are working!

  • Name (not verified)

    7 years ago

    Seems pretty obvious that putting the foxes in charge of our henhouse is risky (with all due respect to all the nice, ethical foxes out there). Seems especially risky if we're also asking the foxes to do all our accounting for us--how many chickens have we got, how many to be billed on the foxes' monthly lunch tab, how many flew the coop, etc.

  • sharon (not verified)

    7 years ago

    Weyerhauser has sold Northwest Bay log sort and booming ground to Texada Land Corp. Rumour has it that will be divided into 2 1/2 acre lots. Employees will start their day in Chemanius even if they're working on a truck or machine at Horne Lake. System designed by an accountant,not a mechanic. Probably there will be at least 1/3 fewer employees.

  • Garry Culhane (not verified)

    7 years ago

    Some are telling Tyee that even if there are forestry concerns to complain about matters are still much better than they were X years ago. But there were eco campaigns in the 60s where the timber owners and their flacks burbled on about how much better things were than years before. Same in the 70s, the 80s, the 90s, and they can find people who will say it even now when it should be obvious we are sliding back to the 1920s in terms of forest protection.

    What is truly astonishing is that "they" are finding people,lots of people, and lots of hopeful politicians who show indifference to the gutting of the forest service.The true position is that if you thought things were bad 40 years ago, you ain't seen nothing yet when the operators are no longer hemmed in by regulation.

    And the eco freaks are finding themselves swept off the stage of public opinion by a population that seems wholly preoccupied with bread and circuses. If the people generally cannot be roused to even mild anxiety by the fast approaching howling madness of large scale turbulence of weather what will engage their.....interest?

    The situation is puzzling. Perhaps eco freaks need to get out of the single item box and into the community, or maybe the community ought to put aside all goals except survival. Whichever it is, we seem to be a long way from forest protection, even to the standards of the 90s, the 80s, the 70s, and so. Maybe once more, the West Coast Trail, before that is also gone.

  • Colin (not verified)

    7 years ago

    I currently review projects put forward by forestry companies and many of the people I deal with certainly have a much greater care for the environment than the forest workers I knew 20 years ago. There are a number of companies that really do try to their best, but under the new system, I fear they will be forced to shed good environmental practices in order to compete with “gypo” companies who will be able to under bid the better companies.
    We have created an generation of forestry workers who grew up caring about the environment and it will be a huge loss if this attitude is lost. The radical eco-activists miss the boat and fail to realize that to properly protect the environment, you need to have the frontline workers on side. Those workers and their managers need the tools and protection to do their job and minimize impacts on the environment.

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