Life

My Journey to the Birthplace of the 'Burbs

I might have hated Levittown if East Van was still home. But after a few weeks in New York, something changed.

By Christine McLaren, 14 Oct 2011, TheTyee.ca

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[Editor's Note: Former Tyee reporter Christine McLaren is travelling around the world as the resident blogger for the BMW Guggenheim Lab, a mobile think tank investigating solutions to urban problems. This week the project wraps up its three-month run in New York City -- which featured programming by Vancouver author Charles Montgomery -- and will travel next to Berlin, and on to Mumbai. This story originally appeared on the Lab's blog, the Lab|log.]

Almost everyone has a secret pilgrimage destination tucked somewhere in their own personal book of dreams. For many these are, as Ryszard Kapuscinski once wrote, "certain magical names with seductive, colorful associations --Timbuktu, Lalibela, Casablanca."

They are places to which we attach wonder, mystique, and fascination; places that we dream of one day exploring, with the subliminal hope of finding an exotic understanding of ourselves, the world, and our place within it.

My secret place is Levittown. I have always wanted to go to Levittown.

My fascination with Levittown is a morbid one. Dubbed the birthplace of the American sprawl suburb and the blueprint from which suburbia as we know it today was built, the town has always inspired ominous music in my mind.

The beginning of suburbia

It started with a modest goal. In 1947 William Levitt and his two sons announced their plan to build 2,000 homes on recently purchased farmland about 30 miles outside of New York.

As thousands of veterans flooded home at the end of World War II with the dream of starting families and settling into a peaceful life, the demand for housing was immense.

Two days after the announcement of the planned community, newspapers reported that 1,000 of the Levitts' homes had already been rented. And when the 2,000th was gone, thousands were still knocking.

And so Levitt and Sons built. They built and built and built, a rumored 30 houses per day, until, fewer than five years later, Levittown boasted over 17,000 tiny, identical, ticky-tacky boxes, row upon row.

Each, of course, decorated with the most important accessory of all -- parked in the driveway, a four-wheeled ticket to freedom that made it all possible.

Taking the path more awful

So it was much to my own surprise that I found myself travelling to Levittown last week, on the suburban pilgrimage of my dreams, in the most inappropriate of ways: by bicycle.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, Levittown is neither easy nor pleasant to reach by bike. But my travelling companion (probably the only person in the world more excited to visit Levittown than I -- Greg Greene, director of the award-winning documentary The End of Suburbia) and I were up for the challenge.

Indeed, no pilgrimage is complete without a fair amount of hardship.

After a 45-minute ride on the Long Island Railroad, we found ourselves dropped in the appropriately named Garden City -- a lovely pre-war railway suburb boasting the name of the movement that communities of its type were a part of: town-country living with all the benefits of the nearby city and none of the hardships.

We mounted our bikes and wheeled our way along the shady streets lined by stately homes with modestly sweeping manicured lawns.

We pedaled until we came to an abruptly unpleasant intersection, a T-bone capped by a tundra-like parking lot framing a distant strip of big-box nodes.

"I guess this is our turn," Greg said. I glanced at my directions, gave him a nod, and pushed off into the stream of traffic heading east.

The misery of the ride thrilled me. I had, after all, come to reaffirm my contempt for suburban living at its root, and as we pedaled mile after mile the journey became, as Greg yelled gleefully from behind me over the roar of motors, "awfuler and awfuler."

A four-lane street gave way to a six-lane highway and we slammed our brakes in narrow misses attempting to cross cloverleaf off-ramps.

Hollowed-out strip malls began to line the margins of the highway -- strings of shabby-looking businesses offering discount Halloween costumes, great deals on pet supplies, and 10 pieces of fried chicken for only $7.99.

We moved from the road to the malls' great linear swaths of asphalt lots -- hopping curbs from one to the next to avoid the traffic that was beginning to terrify us, making us wonder if this was such a good idea after all.

Then we saw it in the distance. Just below the crest of a sloping intersection, a baby-blue sign glinting in the late afternoon sun, bearing the swooping white letters we’d been waiting for: "Levittown Welcomes You."

We had arrived.

'We tried to hate it'

I shrieked when I saw my first white-picket fence.

"Quick Greg, take a photo!" I called out.

"Don't worry, there will be more," he said. And he was right.

We sailed through the gracefully arching streets, from Pasture Lane, to Rolling Lane, to Pebble Lane, to Shelter Lane, past the long, flat, single-story Wisdom Lane Middle School, where students boarding a bright yellow school bus waved at us through the window.

And we tried to hate it. We really did.

"The houses look all the same!" we said cynically. But they really didn't.

After more than 60 years, nearly every house had been modified, added onto, somehow retrofitted to the individual needs of the families who lived there. Some had front awnings, some second floors, or extra garage space added onto the side. Some had erected fences or now overgrown hedges, or planted extra trees.

And they were small, a modest 1,200 square feet at the very most with additions -- a far stretch from the 3,000-square-foot McMansions we've come to associate with modern suburbia.

And the trees that had been planted 60 years ago? They were big: broad grown-in umbrellas bearing tree forts and shading the slightly cracked sidewalks.

"It's so quiet," I said. The sun had begun to drop in the sky, and the birds' soft chirping was slowly being replaced by the sound of crickets humming in unison.

"So peaceful," said Greg.

We'd lost our sarcastic tone. We looked at each other with a hint of embarrassment, as if we'd just shared a moment we both knew we should keep as a secret between the two of us.

Our eyes locked in silent shameful confession: we liked Levittown.

Without speaking much, we steered our bikes back to the turnpike and filtered into the stream of taillights oozing west, glowing red against the deep orange sunset.

And as we waited in the dark for the train that would take us back to the city, I thought about what awaited us when we arrived. The honking, noise, the crush of crowds on the sidewalk, the homeless asking for change, the heavy heat hanging in the air as we would descend to the subway, and the seats we probably wouldn't get once aboard.

I wasn't completely ready for it.

In the heart of suburban darkness, enlightenment

I had come to Levittown expecting to find grounds for my dislike of what it had borne -- an even firmer base for my steadfast urbanity, appreciation for rurality, and disdain for everything in between.

But really, it made me feel empathetic. It helped me understand not only how but why we got to where we are now.

It makes sense that the first of thousands of suburbs was built outside of New York, I realized. After years in the battlefield, who would want city life that puts every sense under attack?

The suburbs of today are not like Levittown. They are not grown in, they are not modest, nor are they built to last 60 years.

Yes, Levittown is completely constructed on the assumption of individual automobile use. It is the skeleton of a development trend we now know to be one of the most environmentally and financially destructive in American history.

But the meat around those bones was simple, meager even, in 1947 -- a mere 750 square feet of freedom, independence, peace, and quiet.

It was time, greed, and the irresponsible abuse of abundance that morphed the early suburban impulse into the monstrous sprawl that we know today.

Watch highlights of the pilgrimage, filmed and edited by The End of Suburbia's brilliant and talented Greg Greene, above.  [Tyee]

10  Comments:

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  • pwlg

    32 weeks ago

    municipality of south vancouver-a vancouver suburb

    Enjoyed reading the article as it reminded me of growing up in South Vancouver one of four sons of returning WW2 vets. On the southern slopes of Fraserview (54th Avenue south and Argyle to the east), hundreds of small family homes were built for these vets. Small farmettes were replaced by these little wooden boxes with large yards. Hundreds of children roughly around the same ages appeared almost overnight and schools were quickly built.

    Small stores appeared on Victoria Drive. A small grocery store would have its own butcher, milk and bread were delivered to the home and at times the green grocers from Richmond would cross the Fraser Bridges with the carts, some pulled by horses. Local store owners were known by their first names and each owner had a "tab" system where people could "charge" their purchases, which were written up in a book, and would pay them off when they received their cheques from working.

    There were few cars in the neighbourhood, the trolley bus system was extended down Victoria Drive which provided the main transportation mode for the mainly blue collar workers. The Fraser River mills and production facilities provided many jobs for the locals.

    I found out recently that the transit system in Vancouver was fully funded by the transit fares and did not require public subsidies until 1972!

    Oakridge Shopping Mall was opened and the Woodward's food court expanded from one store in downtown Vancouver to Cambie and 41st. Of course we know that malls help to decimate local small businesses and our local grocery store with its butcher faded into history.

    Some of these small homes are still standing, some surviving the monster home invasion of the 90's. The long large lots were attractive to the new influx of buyers.

    I did get to go through the house that I lived most of my school years in, I could still see the words I had written on the 2 x 4's in the furnace room.

    The two fir trees my brother and I had planted in the front yard, trees we received during arbor day in elementary school and which had now reached the lofty height of 70 feet, were cut down, not that they were in the way of the new monster home, but because they did not fit in with the aesthetics of the new owners.

    One doesn't need to travel the world to find examples of early suburbia, it exists right within the borders of the City of Vancouver and easily and safely reached by bicycle.

    Cheers

  • doublespacemanbill

    32 weeks ago

    My favorite Bill Levitt quote

    "No man who owns his own house and lot can be a communist. He has too much to do."

    Terrific article. I'm still grappling with the concept that many of the suburbs of the 40s and 50s have developed into human-scale almost-cities. This is more noticeable in eastern cities (Toronto's west end, Wellesley outside Boston, Bethesda) then on the west coast, but it's there if you know what you're looking for.

  • RickW

    32 weeks ago

    "No man who owns his own house and lot can be a communist...."

    Au Contraire! That is the aim after all, of communism. After all, how much do we actually OWN our own pieces of ticky-tacky - especially when "progress" expropriates that property for some "greater good"?

  • snert

    32 weeks ago

    RickW

    Try not paying your taxes, Rick. Then you'll find out who really owns your property.

  • grapeman

    32 weeks ago

    Conflicted reality!

    As someone who has actually lived in small coastal resource towns (some under 500 people), large cities like Vancouver and Toronto, and suburbs/exurbs like Langley and Chilliwack, I find all this "sturm und drang" over suburbia quite amusing. Why are so many urban types so obsessed with the suburbs? Are they ex-suburbanites trying to establish their urban street cred? Whatever it is, get over it. You'll be happier and healthier! If you've actually lived for extended periods in all three worlds like I have, you'd know that urban and rural worlds have many real environmental, economic and cultural deficits - different from the suburbs, perhaps, but just as problematic.

    I'll give McLaren some credit, though. She at least admits to her preconceptions and tries to deal with them. However, her last paragraphs betray her bias, as she seems desperate to regain her comforting world view of the Other. Of course, her hyperbole makes me giggle, particularly as I think about the leafy suburbs in southern Langley where I spent my adolescence, or to the leafy back yard of my current home here in the 'Wack.

  • firefox007

    32 weeks ago

    Great Post.

    *pwlg*

    "municipality of south vancouver."

    Great post, full of the feel of neighborhood; that is lost in many of Vancouver's areas. I grew up in Kerrisdale in the early sixties and man, that area has changed, people don't know their next-door neighbor now.

  • Christine McLaren

    31 weeks ago

    @grapeman

    Hi Grapeman,

    Thanks for your response to my article. I always appreciate thoughtful critique that makes me re-examine my own writing and ideas, and want to be engaged in dialogue around them.

    First off: We have something in common! I too, grew up in the burbs! One of the reasons I feel comfortable writing about the suburbs with some degree of perspective is that I am not just, as you say, an Urbanite writing about the Other. The suburban reality is one I am all too familiar with.

    That said, you bring up a very important point - that there is no one environment that suits everybody. Some people are city people, some people are country people - those are the environments where they are the happiest.

    But you're absolutely right that we rarely acknowledge the fact that some people - many people, in fact - are suburban people.

    Part of the reason I wrote this piece was to begin a dialogue around just that. While suburban critics love to portray the burbs as great sprawling swaths of desolate sterility, that is certainly not always the case. Suburbia is the ideal environment for many, and there are good reasons for that.

    This is an important reality that must be taken into consideration. It is the reason that the suburbs will be around for a very long time. They are not going away, nor would I argue that they should.

    However, there are serious problems with suburbia, and we know that the suburbs in their current form are neither environmentally nor financially sustainable.

    Therefore just like we need to be finding solutions to the many many problems that you speak of plaguing our cities, we also need to be finding ways to make suburban living more sustainable and responsible.

    That way we can live the lifestyle that makes us comfortable and happy - whether rural, urban, or suburban - and be free to make that choice without unloading the consequences onto the shoulders of the masses.

    I encourage you to check out the follow-up article that I wrote to this piece on the blog where it originally appeared, where I sat down with Retrofitting Suburbia co-author June Williamson and The Sprawl Repair Manual author Galina Tachieva for an on-the-spot retrofit of some of Levittown's less pleasant, more pedestrian un-friendly parts to offer an example of a few ways that the burbs can become more sustainable places to live. You can see it here: http://blog.bmwguggenheimlab.org/2011/10/a-suburban-pilgrimage-retrofitting-levittown/

    And as for those urban problems - well, they actually make up about 98% of what I discuss on the blog normally, so I encourage you to follow along at http://blog.bmwguggenheimlab.org/

    Thanks again for reading, and responding.

  • firefox007

    31 weeks ago

    Christine McLaren

    Thanks for putting up the link to the BMW-Guggenheim Lab, what a weird and different idea...

  • grapeman

    31 weeks ago

    Thanks Christine.

    I appreciate your thoughtful reply, Christine.

    As a city-type who was chased from Vancouver by the financially unsustainable reality it presents to young, working class families, I'm less worried about the suburbs than I am about cities like Vancouver. I used to love Vancouver, but, to be honest, I find it less and less appealing every time I visit it... which is less and less, in any case. Maybe it's the twisted demographics and the many urban neighbourhoods that appear to lack any children from 6 to 16. It could also be the utter monoculture sterility of the downtown condos; give me a suburban street over Yaletown any day! Or maybe it's all the talk about affordable housing that makes no mention of couples with multiple children.

    Not surprisingly, I know more and more Valley types who go out of their way to avoid "crossing the bridge" (an existential choice to be sure). From sports and shopping, to cultural events and air travel, Vancouver (and anything north of the Fraser) is becoming less relevant every year. And that's fine by me.

    Put another way, I'm coming to terms with the 'burbs. Yesterday I bought a computer part from a local store at the same price in comparable Vancouver stores. I then practised my instrument without bothering my neighbours, because I live in a detached home (that costs less than a 2 bedroom condo in Vancouver). Later, I took a 10 minute drive and kayaked peacefully on Cultus Lake in the afternoon. And I bought a latte at Starbucks on the way home. Yep, living in the 'burbs is hell.

  • Penny Street

    31 weeks ago

    Loved your article (and the movie)!

    I too have always been fascinated by Levittown, but I've never seen it in real life (even though I spent quite a bit of time in Garden City when I was a kid, believe it or not). Anyway, I read your whole article without realizing that it was written by YOU, and then I watched the video and "Hey, that's Christine!"
    I wrote a long article about Levittown for the Urban Reader magazine (published by the City of Vancouver Social Planning Department) back in about 1979. Next time you're in Vancouver, remind me, and I'll show it to you! Cheers & love, Penny

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