Life

Where Rome's Dead Tourists Hang Out

They have their own cemetery. Among too many visitors who've died young are poets Keats and Shelley.

By Steve Burgess, 14 Jul 2010, TheTyee.ca

John Keats grave

In Protestant Cemetery, John Keats' gravestone stands on the left.

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It was a lovely Roman June. There had even been a rare bit of rain to wash the melted gelato off the sidewalks. For months I had been looking forward to my favourite little routines, especially the morning ritual -- buy an International Herald Tribune at a particular kiosk, then head to one of two particular cafes. I love these opportunities to slip into the illusion of a Roman life. On this visit however, Roman life would be overshadowed by its opposite.

One afternoon I was walking through the Trastavere district, not sure what to do with myself, when a young woman passing by on a bike stopped suddenly. "I know your face," she said. "Caffe Artigiano, Vancouver."

Pays to be a creature of habit, I guess. Her name was Josie, a former Artigiano regular now living in Rome. We got chatting, and she asked if I'd ever visited the Cemetery for Non-Catholic Foreigners. "It's where Keats is buried," she said. There's also a great deli nearby, she noted. Important when shopping for a final resting place.

'...all that was Mortal'

The deli is called Volpetti, on Via Marmorata. It really is great -- great cheeses, wonderful snacks. I got a spinach and ham calzone, then headed down the street to the cemetery. Not hard to find, as it is also the site of Rome's very own ancient pyramid. "Ancient" is a relative term where pyramids are concerned. Compared to the Egyptian variety, this one still has that new-pyramid smell. It dates from about 16 BCE, the tomb of a prominent Roman named Caius Cestius. The pyramid's back end juts into the old sector of the cemetery. This is where Keats lies, marked by one of history's most famous epitaphs: "This Grave contains all that was Mortal of a YOUNG ENGLISH POET, Who, on his Death Bed, in the Bitterness of his Heart, at the Malicious Power of his Enemies, Desired these Words to be engraven on his Tomb Stone: "Here lies One Whose Name was writ in Water." Feb 24th 1821."

It reads like the epitaph of a young man, a cry of anguish at the unfairness of early death. That's somewhat deceptive -- Keats requested only that last, memorable line. The preamble was added by friends. It seems the greatest anguish was reserved for those left behind.

Keats' friend Shelley was so impressed by the Protestant Cemetery that he called it, "The most beautiful and solemn I have ever beheld." He would be buried here in 1822, by the wall near the top of the newer, more crowded, most beautiful portion of the cemetery. There are tight rows of monuments, flowering trees, and stray cats, all well cared for. In the midst of noisy, chaotic Rome, the peace of this stone garden seems almost supernatural.

Representatives of many nations lie here. There's a Canadian flag on the grave of diplomat E. Herbert Norman; the 1899 tomb of Virginia officer Thomas Jefferson Page is decorated with fresh banners bearing the Confederate stars and bars.

Deadville

Inscriptions on the older monuments are carefully worded. Prior to 1870, when Rome was ruled by the Vatican, it was forbidden to make any mention of God or salvation on these stones, lest anyone think that non-Catholics might be bound for Heaven. So a favourite inscription reads: "Sacred to the memory of..." Beautiful as it is, the whole cemetery was intended to serve as a ghetto of the damned.

A beautiful cemetery can be a reassuring place. So many elegant monuments offer evidence that lives matter; people are remembered. But how many of the numberless dead are honoured this way? The tombstones here are the exception, not the rule. The real message of the beautiful Protestant Cemetery seems to be: Some lives matter.

Either way, the stones are full of implicit tragedy -- children, teenagers, English youths who died while making the Grand Tour. Most were luckier, laid to rest in good company in their beloved adopted city after long, distinguished lives.

Finding the entrance had proved tricky. I started at the pyramid and walked the perimeter wall, making it almost all the way around without finding the little gate. "How the hell do you get in here?" I was muttering, before catching myself. In fact, I had recently seen exactly how you get into a Roman cemetery. You simply step off a curb without looking.

'Un dottore!'

A couple of nights earlier, heading back to my hotel, I had come upon an accident. It seemed to have been recent -- no ambulance was on scene. I would later discover, however, that in Rome that doesn't tell you much.

There was a downed scooter and nearby, its rider, still helmeted, crying out in Italian to a sympathetic passer-by who knelt beside her. She was not happy, but at least she was speaking. The other victim was lying a few feet further up the road, doubled over, her face hidden from me. She neither spoke nor moved. A stream of blood ran to the gutter from somewhere close to her head. She appeared to be a young woman, her clothes suggesting an agenda of carefree clubbing. It was a Saturday night.

"Dottore! Un dottore!" a man shouted, as he felt for a pulse. Someone else suggested running to the pharmacy in search of help. A policeman was there, fiddling with a roll of yellow tape, but as the minutes passed no sirens approached. It seemed to me she was still breathing. But I had not seen her move. By the time I finally left, there was still no sign of emergency vehicles.

Next evening I passed by the same corner. Tied to a lamppost was a single bouquet, and a little hand-written sign: "Una morte ingiusto" (An unfair death). Like Keats' gravestone, there was no name. A waiter at the restaurant on the corner said the girl was only 17. But he didn't know who she was. Back at the hotel, the owner helped me search for a news story about the accident, but found nothing. No name -- not in ink, or blood, or the water of a fleeting online report.

Shelley would say of his future resting home in the Protestant Cemetery: "It might make one in love with death, to be buried in so sweet a place." He was not quite 30 years old when died -- still young, still in Rome. Like Keats. Like quite a few young people.  [Tyee]

4  Comments:

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  • jack the bear

    1 year ago

    question

    Herbert Norman died in Cairo - why is he buried here?

  • lynn

    1 year ago

    Good question, jack the bear.

    Good question, jack the bear.

    From The Globe and Mail, 2007:

    "But the cemetery is full of surprises. One grave I found by accident belongs to E. Herbert Norman, the Canadian diplomat and historian whose last job was ambassador to Egypt. He committed suicide on April 4, 1957, by jumping off a Cairo building. Some reports say he landed on top of the Swedish ambassador's Volvo. He was 47.

    Norman, who was born in Japan and worked under the direction Gen. Douglas MacArthur during allies' post-war occupation of Japan, may have been a Soviet agent. Or may not have been.Two books written about him in the last decade take opposing views. What is known is that the U.S. Senate Internal Security Subcommittee turned up his name while researching the Institute of Pacific Relations, used by the Soviets to subvert U.S. foreign policy in the Far East.

    Protected by Lester Pearson, Norman was exonerated and returned to service. In 1957, suspicions that he was a Soviet agent were revived by the Americans. His death came shortly before he was to be questioned by a Senate security sub-committee. Years later, former Prime Minister Joe Clark was put in charge of an inquiry to settle the matter about the matter. Clark found not proof he was a spy.

    Norman's body was flown to Rome in a Royal Canadian Air Force plane. By why Rome? As far as I can tell, he had never been a diplomat there. And how did his ashes end up in the Protestant Cemetery? "

  • lynn

    1 year ago

    .....to add more to "the mystery":

    "From an article by Roger Bowen, the biographer of Canadian diplomat E. Herbert Norman:

    “A Canadian diplomat and scholar who was serving in Japan at the onset of the Second World War, and was interned there following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Mr. Norman was accused of being a Communist in 1951 by allies of Joseph McCarthy in the U.S. Senate. Interrogated twice in secret by the RCMP at the urging of U.S. intelligence agencies, he was exonerated by Canadian authorities and allowed to resume his duties in the foreign service.

    In the fall of 1956, following the Suez crisis, Mr. Norman, then 47, was Canada's ambassador to Egypt. Mr. Norman worked tirelessly to find a peaceful solution in negotiations with Gamal Abdel Nasser. His eventual success in persuading Egypt's president to admit United Nations peacekeepers into his country was, for that era, a singular achievement. Mr. Norman's boss, Lester Pearson, later won the Nobel Peace Prize, in part because of Mr. Norman's efforts.

    In March of 1957, suspicions about Mr. Norman were revived by the U.S. Senate. On April 4, Mr. Norman stepped off the roof of a nine-storey apartment building in the heart of Cairo.”

  • lynn

    1 year ago

    and....

    "and....

    “. . . it is clear that someone or some agency fabricated the details of Mr. Norman's death and ‘leaked’ them to the U.S. press in 1957, making it appear that Mr. Norman was guilt-ridden and psychologically unstable, and that he chose to kill himself rather than face additional inquiries over his alleged Communist background.

    One of several suicide notes leaked to the press then seemed to imply that Mr. Norman had had a close, perhaps homosexual, relationship with the Swedish ambassador to Egypt, Brynolf Eng. The New York Daily News account in April of 1957 reported Mr. Norman as having written to Mr. Eng on the eve of his death: ‘I wanted to spend some time with you during these last few days of my life and tell you about what has been worrying me but am afraid that even in this letter I cannot bring myself to tell you [the] true reasons that impel me to commit suicide. I have decided to die near your home. I know this may cause you some trouble and I am sorry but you are my best friend. Farewell. Sincerely, Norman.’

    This account stood as the ‘truth’ for 30 years, contradicted only by Canadian sources whose comments did not register in the U.S. in 1957. The actual note Mr. Norman wrote to Mr. Eng, in his handwriting and found in the RCMP files, reads: ‘Mr. Eng, I beg forgiveness for using your flat. But it is the only clear jump where I can avoid hitting a passerby. E. H. N.’”

    Norman is a fairly important guy, as his negotiations invented the concept of UN peacekeepers. Bowen has made repeated requests to the CIA to release its remaining cache of classified documents on Norman, without success. What are they hiding? It is clear that the Americans fabricated the released ‘suicide note’ to the press in order to create a motive for Norman’s suicide. If they had nothing to do with the death, why did they go to all this trouble? I note that the Canadian Right, represented by David Frum’s father-in-law, the ancient Peter Worthington, maintains the cold war interpretation of the death of Norman.

    Throwing people off tall buildings is a perfect method of assassination as it doesn’t leave any forensic evidence of a crime if it is done properly (both drowning and shooting can leave inconvenient forensic evidence). The only tricky part is forging the suicide note, or forcing the victim to write it. "

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